多组织多阶段视角下重大疫情应急物资保障的关键问题与对策探讨

The Key Issues of the Guarantee of Emergency Supplies against Major Epidemics and Countermeasures from the Perspectives of Multi-Organizations and Multi-Stages

重大突发公共卫生灾害的高不确定性、高响应要求、高物资需求、长持续时间和宽覆盖范围等特点急剧放大了其对经济与社会运行的破坏力,并对应急物资保障的供应链管理理论与实践提出了严峻挑战。以应急物资保障的多组织协作和多阶段运作为切入点,从灾前物流与生产能力规划和灾期生产运作优化等层面梳理、分析、总结应急物资保障相关的研究主题、关键问题、方法和成果及其不足,进而面向重大疫情应急物资保障问题的特征和挑战,提出包括多组织协同的应急设施布局规划、基于弹性产能战略的应急供应链规划、多组织智能协同的应急物资调度模型与策略设计以及基于传染病模型的供应链应急生产计划模式设计的对策研究建议。

The characteristics of major public health emergency,such as high uncertainty,high response requirements,high material demands,long duration and wide coverage,have sharply magnified their destruction to the economic and social operations,and posed great challenges to the theories and practices of supply chain management of the guarantee of the emergency supplies.Taking the multi-organizational collaboration and multi-stage operation of emergency material guarantee as the starting point,this paper sorts out,analyzes,and summarizes the research subjects,issues,methods,outcomes and insufficiencies related to emergency material guarantee from the levels of logistics and production capacity planning before disasters and the production and operation optimization during disasters.Then,faced with the characteristics and challenges of emergency supplies guarantee for major epidemics,it proposes some countermeasures and suggestions,including an emergency facility layout planning based on multi-organizational coordination,an emergency supply chain planning based on flexible production capacity strategy,an emergency supplies scheduling model and strategy design based on multi-organizational intelligent coordination,and a planning model design for supply chain emergency production based on the epidemic model.