我国森林保险保障水平差异化需求分析与政策设定--基于收入分化与经营规模化新背景

Differential Demand Analysis and Policy Setting of Forest Insurance Guarantee Level in China:Based on the New Background of Income Disparity and Operation Scale

随着林业生产与经营环境的变化,偏低且单一的森林保险保障水平已无法适应新形势与新背景下营林主体的实际风险保障需求。为此,首先基于合理假设理论探讨了收入分化背景下与经营规模化背景下异质性营林主体的差异化风险保障需求,并从保障水平影响因素与设定方式出发,围绕提高保障水平和增加保障水平层次两个维度探讨新背景下我国森林保险保障水平的政策选择与设定。结果表明:森林保险对林业专业户的风险与收益保障作用最强,林业兼业户次之,非林户最弱。各营林主体整体参保收益水平随保障水平的提高而增加,且相较于低风险地区,高风险地区营林主体的风险保障需求更高。同时,相较于小林农,新型林业经营主体因参保抗自然风险与抗金融风险预期收益更大,使得其对森林保险风险保障水平的要求也更高。此外,基于对桉树林、松树林和杉木林再植成本的调研数据,将森林保险基础保障水平设定为1500元/亩,在此基础上提高并设定多层保障水平;同时考虑这三类树种与树龄设置差异化的多层级保障水平,以期实现森林保险保障水平的“提标”与“增品”。

With the changes of forestry production and operation environment,the lower and single forest insurance guarantee level cannot meet the actual risk guarantee needs of forest operators in the new situation and under the new background.Therefore,firstly,based on the theory of reasonable hypothesis,this paper explores the differentiated risk guarantee needs of heterogeneous forest operators under the background of income differentiation and large-scale operation.Then,starting from the influencing factors of guarantee level and the way of setting,it explores the policy choice and setting of China’s forest insurance security level under the new background from the two dimensions of improving the security level and increasing the layers of security level.The results show that forest insurance plays the strongest role in ensuring the risks and income of forestry specialized households,followed by forestry households with combined occupations,and non-forest households are the weakest.The overall insurance income level of each forest operation subject increases with the improvement of the guarantee level,and the risk protection demand of forest operation subjects in high-risk areas is higher than that in lower-risk areas.Meanwhile,compared with small forest farmers,the new forestry operation subjects have greater expected benefits due to their participation in insurance against natural risks and financial risks,and have higher requirements for the risk guarantee level of forest insurance.In addition,based on the survey data of the replanting cost of eucalyptus forest,pine forest and Chinese fir forest,the basic guarantee level of forest insurance is set at 1500 yuan/mu,on this basis,the multi-layer guarantee level is improved and set;at the same time,the differentiated multi-layer guarantee level should be set by considering these three kinds of tree species and tree age,so as to realize the“standard raising”and“variety increasing”of forest insurance guarantee level.