有限数据渔业种群生产力-敏感性模型分析与评估--以海洋管理委员会为例

Analysis and evaluation of data-limited fishery:A productivity and susceptibility model from Marine Stewardship Council

海洋管理委员会(Marine Stewardship Council,MSC)采用的生产力-敏感性模型(productivity susceptibility analysis,PSA)是一种利益相关方积极参与的半定量预防性渔业资源风险评估工具,用于直接评估相关渔业种群面对捕捞活动时的脆弱性和敏感性,最终确定渔业物种风险水平。PSA主要通过历史资料和经验数据评估某种渔业的捕捞压力和干扰强度。PSA广泛用于评估渔业改进项目(fishery improvement projects,FIPs)、渔业预评估和正式阶段中受渔业活动影响物种的生物学属性相关的渔业信息结果。PSA也可用于评估渔业资源枯竭后迅速恢复的可能性,以及所有受影响物种和渔具的相互作用。PSA评估对象包括主要目标物种、兼捕物种和濒危、受威胁与被保护(endangered,threatened and protected species,ETP)物种,其生产力和敏感性数据多基于最近5年内短期生活史特征。总之,PSA半定量评估了有限数据渔业物种的生产力或敏感性属性,当前捕捞活动的风险等级,并通过评分量表转化为MSC渔业认证结果。本文详细介绍了PSA理论、评分依据和重要的评分过程,为有限数据渔业的可持续发展提供除经验数据以外的保护性与预防性科学管理方法。

Productivity susceptibility analysis(PSA)is the ultimately precautionary semi-quantitative risk assessment tool for Marine Stewardship Council(MSC)fishery certification,aiming to assess the risk scales of the direct fishing and fishery-related activities influence on stock vulnerability and susceptibility via active stakeholder engagements.PSA is mainly scored in fishing efforts and disturbances based on historical contexts and empirical approaches.PSA is extensively used for the biological outcomes in fishery improvement projects(FIPs),pre-assessment and formal assessment.PSA also takes into account the possibility of the restoration of the potential depleted fishery resources and the deployment of fishing gear to its interaction with the species.The scoring attributes of the biological outcomes are a set of fishery species′productive and susceptible elements mainly based on their life-history characteristics in recent five years,such as the primary target species and secondary by-catch species,and pertinent endangered,threatened and protected species(ETP),respectively.Briefly,the semi-quantitative PSA approach examines several attributes of each species or group species that contribute to or reflect productivity or susceptibility,the contributing scale scores transferring into final MSC fishery certification are conducted to provide a relative measure of the risk on the scoring element from fishing activities.This article introduces the PSA theories and its attributes,with emphasis on the worksheets and scoring tables used to determine final score.PSA is providing the protective and precautionary initiatives and work to make the sustainable development of capture fishery by science-based management in the case of data-limited fishery.