国际法治中的“大国不可能三角”

“Impossible Trinity for Great Powers”in International Rule of Law

国际社会推进法治的进程,赋予大国更多的期待。然而,在国际关系的变化演进和国际法治的塑造运行中,大国却面临着自身核心利益、全球共同伦理和联盟友邦期望之间的“不可能三角”。一个大国无法同时满足追求和保证自身核心利益、倡导和促进全球共同伦理、符合联盟友邦的意愿。这种不可能三角是由当代世界秩序的无政府状态、国际法的非中心化(不成体系)状态,以及全球资源稀缺、国家首先保证自身的安全与发展、国家之间难于形成信任而构成的。此种大国不可能三角在国际法上不仅意味着存在着国家单边利益和多边利益的二元价值摇摆,而且存在着人类共同价值、本国利益追求和联盟友邦意愿在国际法话语的时空不连续性。从国际法治的状态上看,不应当对国际法治的价值设定抱有过高的期待;从国家发展的模式上看,必须对本国利益和全球共同利益进行良好的平衡,同时极其谨慎地选择国际战略的盟友。

The process of promoting rule of law in international society endows great powers of more expectations.However,in the change and evolution of international relations and the moulding and operation of international rule of law,the great powers are facing with a“impossible trinity”of their own kernel interests,global ethics,and allies'expectations.A great power could not at the same time satisfy the pursuit and guarantee of its own kernel interests,advocating and promoting the global common ethics,and meeting and satisfying the allies'will.This“impossible trinity”is formed by the anarchism of contemporary world order,the non-central status quo of international laws,the scarcity of global resources,the priority of a state to ensure its own security and development,and the states could not entrust each other.Such“impossible trinity”of big countries means not only a value-duality sway between unilateral benefit and multilateral benefit for a state in international law,but also means that there exists a time-space discontinuity in the discourse of international laws for humanity's common value,interest-pursuit of a state,and the wills between allies.Viewing on the status quo of international rule of law,one should not have a higher expectation on the value-setting of international rule of law,while viewing on the mode of national development,there must be a good balance between national interests and global common interests,and,at the same time,the allies for international strategy should be chosen very carefully.