空间电推进的推力测量方法研究现状

Research of thrust measurement for space electric propulsion

在空间电推进的研发和规划中,推力的精确测量具有非常重要的意义。近年来,随着电推进复杂程度和任务难度的不断增加,对其推力性能评价技术及方法提出了更高的要求。针对该需求,介绍了当前空间电推进的推力测量方法及其工作原理、技术特点和应用案例。测力方式主要有直接测量和间接测量,其中直接测量主要包括天平式、扭转式、摆式,间接测量主要包括靶式和悬臂梁式。通过对比分析各种测力方式之间的区别和优缺点,为开发者的测力系统设计提供了相应的参考。对测力过程中的系统设计、系统标定、系统响应、系统响应的测量以及计算推力五个环节中可能出现的各种关键问题分别进行了详细阐述,并提出针对性的改进方法,同时结合空间电推进领域的发展趋势及其对推力测量的需求,为未来的研究给出了针对性的建议。

Accurate measurement of thrust is very important in the development and planning of space electric propulsion.In recent years,with the increasing of complexity and task difficulty for electric propulsion,higher requirements are put forward for the evaluation techniques and methods of thrust performance.In response to this demand,a review of the thrust measurement for space electric propulsion was presented.Measurement methods and the underlying mechanisms,technical features and applications were covered.The methods of thrust measurement can be divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement.The former mainly includes balance structure,torsional pendulum,suspension and inverted pendulum,while the latter mainly includes target and cantilever beam.The advantages and disadvantages of these measurement methods were summarized and compared,which provided a reference for developers to design the thrust measuring system.The key problems in the five segments including system design,system calibration,system response,system response measurement and calculation of thrust during the process of thrust measurement were described in detail,and the corresponding improvement methods were proposed.To serve as a reference for future thrust measurement research,suggestions were also provided by considering the development trend of electric propulsion and its demand of thrust measurement.