赣州市章贡区交通干线空气污染状况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on air pollution of main traffic roads in Zhanggong district of Ganzhou

目的:调查分析赣州市章贡区交通干线环境污染状况及影响因素,为制定环境规划和相关的管理、防治对策提供科学依据。方法:收集2018年9月至2019年8月赣州市国家监控点位各时点6种污染物浓度和空气质量指数(Air quality index,AQI)值,同时按功能分区监测各季节的瞬时气象指标、噪声和车流量,并采集空气中SO_(2)、NO_(2)和O_(3),分析两种来源数据相关性、差异性及空气质量的影响因素。结果:⑴两种来源的污染物浓度均符合二级标准;⑵交通干线污染物浓度整体上春秋季相对平稳,而夏冬季波动大且均存在较高值;⑶国控点位AQI日均值在10~100之间呈现周期性W~脉冲型波动规律,AQI时均值在一天中呈现两个峰值(12时和22时)和两个谷值(5时和18时),O_(3)浓度波动变化最大,呈以12月为最低点的凹形变化趋势,其他污染物浓度波动不大;⑷两种来源的SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)浓度呈正相关关系(r=0.574,P<0.05;r=0.757,P<0.05;r=0.932,P<0.05),且总体均数存在差异(t=9.429,P<0.05;t=−3.76,P<0.05;t=−10.22,P<0.05);⑸气温、气湿、气压、风速、季节和车流量对交通干线空气质量的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:赣州市章贡区交通干线整体空气质量处于良好水平,但国道、极端天气和道路建设路段等仍存在短时污染,相关部门需要重视监测和防控交通干线的空气污染。

Objective:To analyze the environmental pollution and its influencing factors of the main traffic routes in Zhanggong district,Ganzhou,and provide a scientific basis for taking measures to formulate environmental plans and related management,and prevention measures.Methods:The concentrations of six pollutants and air quality index(AQI)in Ganzhou national monitoring points from September 2018 to August 2019 were collected,and the instantaneous meteorological indexes,noise and vehicle flow in each season were monitored according to the functional divisions.The SO_(2),NO_(2) and O_(3) in the air were collected,and the correlation between the two sources and the influencing factors of air quality were analyzed.Results:⑴The pollutant concentration of both sources met the second-level standard;⑵The concentration of pollutants on the main traffic roads was relatively stable in autumn and spring as a whole,while the relative fluctuations in summer and winter were greatly with relatively high values;⑶The daily average value of the national control point AQI showed a periodic W~pulse fluctuation law from 10 to 100.The average value of AQI showed two peaks(12 o'clock and 22 o'clock)and two valleys(5 o'clock and 18 o'clock)in a day.December was the lowest concave change trend,and the concentration of other pollutants fluctuates little;⑷The SO_(2),NO_(2),and O_(3) concentrations of the two sources had a positive correlation(r=0.574,P<0.05;r=0.757,P<0.05;r=0.932,P<0.05),and there were differences in the overall mean(t=9.429,P<0.05;t=−3.76,P<0.05;t=−10.22,P<0.05);⑸Air temperature,humidity,and air pressure,wind speed,season and vehicle flow had a statistically significant effect on the air quality of the traffic arteries(P<0.05).Conclusion:Although the overall air quality of main traffic route in Zhanggong district is good,there is still short-term pollution in national roads,extreme weather and road construction sections.Relevant departments should pay more attention to monitoring and preventing air pollution of main traffic roads.