高温天气人体室内热湿环境的舒适研究

Study on comfort of indoor thermal environments in high temperature weather

为研究高温天气下不同年龄阶段人体室内热湿环境的舒适性,本文基于现场试验测量,选取20名老年人和10名大学生作为被试,测量高温天气时被试在室内环境的皮肤温度,同时进行主观问卷调查,分析环境参数对人体主客观参数的影响,对比老年人与青年人对环境参数的敏感性;采用线性拟合确定高温天气人体热湿感觉与主客观参数的关系,研究老年人与青年人对环境参数的可接受性。研究结果表明:老年人的热敏感性低于青年人,而湿敏感性高于青年人;老年人的热感觉和湿感觉对皮肤温度变化的反应均比青年人迟缓。老年人温湿度中性值和可接受值均高于青年人:老年人与青年人中性温度分别为29.5℃和27℃,可接受温度范围分别为28.5~30.4℃和26.3~27.9℃;中性相对湿度分别为62%和57%,可接受相对湿度范围分别为55~69%和48~66%。老年人与青年人的热中性皮肤温度分别为35.9℃和35.7℃,湿中性皮肤温度分别为35.6℃和36.0℃。本研究结果可为不同年龄层人群室内热湿环境营造提供理论依据。

In order to study the indoor comfort of human at different ages in high temperature weather, field experiments were conducted.Twenty elderly people and ten college students were selected as the subjects.And under high temperature weather conditions, the skin temperatures of the subjects in indoor environments were measured, and their subjective questionnaires were surveyed.The influence of the environmental parameters on the subjective and objective parameters of the human body were analyzed, then the differences between the sensitivity of the elderly people and young people to the environmental parameters were studied.Based on the linear fitting, the relationships between thermal and wet sensation and subjective and objective parameters in high temperature weather were compared, thus the acceptability of the environmental parameters between the elderly people and young people were obtained.Thethermal sensitivity of the elderly people is lower than that of the young people, while the wet sensitivity is higher than that of the young people;the response of the thermalsensation and wet sensation of the elderly people to changes in skin temperature is slower than that of the young people.The median values and acceptable values of temperature and relative humidity of the elderly are higher than those of the young: the neutral temperature of the elderly and the young are 29.5 ℃ and 27 ℃respectively, and the acceptable temperature ranges are 28.5~30.4 ℃ and 26.3~27.9 ℃respectively;the neutral relative humidity are 62% and 57% respectively;the acceptable relative humidity ranges are 55%~69% and 48%~66% respectively.Thethermal neutral skin temperature of the elderly and the young are 35.9 ℃ and 35.7 ℃respectively, and the wet neutral skin temperature are 35.6 ℃ and 36.0 ℃respectively.This result can provide a theoretical basis for creating an indoor hot and humid environment for people of different ages.