流变与回归——论中国高校与科研系统之离合

Transformation and Regression——On the Division and Coupling between Chinese Universities and Scientific Research Systems

自19世纪初德国古典大学兴起以来,科研日渐被普遍认为高水平大学的基本构件之一。中国在清末民初逐步引入了德国古典大学和美国研究型大学模式,但大学的科研系统直到1927年之后才初步成型并逐渐制度化。此后,中国高校科研迅速达到相当水平和规模,并成为中国学术创新系统的主体。在1949年后的大变革中,中国学术系统也因时而变,科研系统的重心逐步向中科院倾斜,产生了一系列深刻影响。至20世纪80年代,中国高校秩序日渐恢复正常,科研系统得以修复并重新回归高校系统。科研重心的反复流转和演化,折射出近代以来中国知识界生态和结构的深刻变迁,反映出中国学术创新系统的结构转型,也浓缩着中国历史不断嬗变和中华民族不懈寻求中国式现代化的艰苦求索。

Since the rise of classical German universities in the early 19 th century,scientific research has been widely regarded as one of the elemental components of high-level universities.In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,China gradually introduced the German classical university and the American research university model,yet the scientific research system of the university was not initially formed and gradually institutionalized until 1927.Since then,scientific research in Chinese universities has rapidly reached a considerable quality and scale,and has become the axis of China’s academic innovation system.In the great transformation after 1949,the Chinese academic system has also shifted from time to time.The focus of the scientific research system has gradually transferred to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,which has brought on a series of profound impacts.By the 1980 s,the order of Chinese universities was gradually returning to normal,and the scientific research system was repaired and returned to the university system.The repeated circulation and evolution of scientific research focus reflects the profound changes in the ecology and structure of China’s intellectual circles since modern times,reflects the structural transformation of China’s academic innovation system,and condenses the continuous evolution of Chinese history and the Chinese nation’s unremitting pursuit of Chinese-style modernization.