异常出生体重与儿童青少年神经行为发育的研究进展

Research progress in abnormal birth weight and neurobehavioral development of children and adolescents

异常出生体重不仅会影响新生儿的体格生长,还会对婴儿期、儿童青少年期甚至成年期的神经行为发育产生影响。本文从低出生体重儿和巨大儿两方面就异常出生体重对儿童青少年神经行为发育影响的人群研究进行综述,结果发现,低出生体重儿比正常出生体重儿在儿童青少年期更易发生脑瘫、注意缺陷多动障碍、认知障碍和学习能力低下等问题。巨大儿会增加儿童青少年的运动功能、情绪行为发育异常的发生风险,但巨大儿与儿童青少年的智商/认知功能和学业成绩间的关联性研究结论尚不一致。要明确异常出生体重对儿童青少年神经行为发育的影响程度,还需进一步开展大样本的前瞻性队列研究。

Abnormal birth weight not only affects the physical growth of newborns, but also affects the neurobehavioral development of infants, children and adolescents and even adults.This paper reviews the population-based studies on the effects of abnormal birth weight on neurobehavioral development among children and adolescents from the perspectives of low birth weight infants and macrosomia, finding that low birth weight infants are more prone to cerebral palsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive impairment and low learning ability in children and adolescents than normal birth weight infants.Macrosomia might increase the risk of abnormal motor function and emotional and behavioral development in children and adolescents.However, the correlation of macrosomia with intelligence quotient(IQ)/cognitive function and academic achievement in children and adolescents varies in related studies.To identify the impact of abnormal birth weight on neurobehavioral development among children and adolescents, it is necessary to further implement a large sample of prospective cohort studies.