南方大豆皱叶症诱因分析研究

Study on Inducement of Soybean Crinkle Leaf in Southern China

为找出导致南方大豆皱叶症发生的诱因,本研究选用桂春8号(皱叶症级为0)、粤春2017-1(皱叶症级为4)、20W51-46(皱叶症级为4)和南农1138-2(皱叶症级为0)为试验材料,考虑生产上除草剂使用情况及皱叶常见诱因等,进行了除草剂、病毒检测、嫁接、土壤盆栽等试验,分析并探究导致南方大豆皱叶症发生的因素。结果表明:除草剂导致的大豆叶片皱缩形态与本研究关注的皱叶症状不同;从南方皱叶大豆材料取幼叶进行人工接种后,南农1138-2未表现出皱叶症状;ELISA检测、透射电镜扫描、small RNA测序等结果显示,本研究关注的皱叶中均未检测出可能导致大豆皱叶的病毒;土壤盆栽试验结果显示,皱叶材料的根在南方土壤中的比例越大,叶片皱缩程度越高,根在南方土壤的比例为1时,皱叶症级为4;根在南方土壤的比例为0时,皱叶症级为0;嫁接试验结果显示,叶片表现皱缩与否只与接穗有关,而与砧木无关,大豆对皱叶诱因敏感的部位为叶片。综上结果,南方大豆皱叶症诱因与除草剂、病毒无关,最主要的诱因来自土壤,推测无论皱叶敏感型材料还是正常材料的根均将某种因子向上运输至叶片。

In order to find out the inducement of crinkle leaf disease in southern China, we took Guichun 8(crinkle grade was 0), Yuechun 2017-1(crinkle grade was 4), 20 W51-46(crinkle grade was 4) and Nannong 1138-2(crinkle grade was 0),as materials, conisidered the use of herbicides in production and the common causes of crinkle leaf, carried out experiments on herbicides, virus detection, grafting and soil pot culture to explore the causes of crinkle leaf of southern soybean. The results showed that the shape of soybean crinkle leaf caused by herbicide was different from the crinkle leaf symptom appearing in southern China. The SMV sensitive variety Nannong 1138-2 did not show leaf crinkle symptoms after artificial inoculation. No virus that might cause the soybean crinkle leaf was detected by ELISA testing, transmission electron microscope scanning and small RNA sequencing in crinkle leaves. The grafting test showed that the leaf was sensitive to the inducement of crinkle leaf. Soil experiment results showed that the greater the proportion of roots in the southern soil, the stronger the degree of leaf crinkle. The crinkle grade of the crinkle sensitive material was 4 which roots grew in southern China soil completely. The results of grafting experiment showed that whether the leaves shrink or not was only related to scion, but not rootstock, which indicated that the sensitive part of soybean to the inducement of wrinkled leaves was the leaf. In summary, the inducement of soybean crinkle disease in southern China is uncorrelated to herbicides and viruses. The main inducement comes from soil, and it is infered that the roots of both leaf wrinkle sensitive materials and normal materials can interact with soil to transport some factors upward to leaves which can induce crinkle disease occurrence.