基于TES框架透视平台社会影响与治理路径

Perspective on the Social Impact and Governance Path of Platform based on TES Framework

互联网平台不仅成为人们日常生活的重要构成,也开始成为社会治理、国家治理乃至国际治理的全新挑战和核心问题。社会影响以及影响背后的权力和利益是理解平台与平台治理的主线与核心逻辑。如何理性、深刻地理解互联网平台的社会影响,选择和校准最佳的平台治理路径,首先要走出技术导向的工具理性,走向价值理性和交往理论。建立全新的、前瞻的理解框架至关重要。平台作为基础设施的综合视角则提供了这个新的可能性。基于历史研究和比较研究的路径,通过对中介、平台和守门人的平台三阶段之分析,文章确立了理解和洞察当今超级平台本质的技术、经济和社会(TES)三重属性。超级平台作为数字时代关键基础设施的本质属性,使得中美欧不同体制和战略的全球三大核心区域,不约而同地形成了“数据-竞争-安全”的三大治理路径。文章以数量和规模为基本指标,划分了初级平台、一般平台和超级平台(“守门人”)三大层次,凸显了不同维度的特性且总结了互联网诞生以后,经历了科学驱动、资本驱动和制度驱动等三大力量协同与叠加的互联网平台整体发展历程和趋势。

Internet platform has not only become an important part of people’ s daily life,but also began to become a new challenge and core issue of social governance,national governance and even international governance. Social influence and the power and interests behind the influence are the main line and core logic for understanding the platform and platform governance. In order to rationally and deeply understand the social impact of the Internet platform and select and calibrate the best platform governance path,we must first go out of the technology-oriented instrumental rationality and move towards value rationality and communication theory. It is very important to establish a new and forward-looking understanding framework. The comprehensive perspective of platform as an infrastructure provides this new possibility. Based on the path of historical research and comparative research,through the analysis of the three stages of intermediary,platform and gatekeeper’ s platform,this paper establishes the triple attributes of technology,economy and society( TES) to understand and have insight into the essence of today’s super platforms. As the essential attribute of the key infrastructure in the digital age,the super platforms make the three global core regions of different systems and strategies in China,the United States and Europe form three governance paths of data competition security. Taking the quantity and scale as the basic indicators,it divides into three levels: primary platform,general platform and super platform( " gatekeeper"),highlights the characteristics of different dimensions,and summarizes the overall development process and trend of Internet platform after the birth of the Internet,which has experienced the synergy and superposition of three forces,science driven,capital driven,and system driven.