植物代谢组学在药材质量评价中的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects for the use of plant metabolomics in quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials

药材质量直接影响中药有效性和安全性,是保证中医药产业健康发展的前提,全面精准控制和评价药材质量对中药产业发展具有重要意义。药材化学成分的复杂性和动态性使中药质量评价研究成为业内关注的重点和难点。植物代谢组学具有整体性、全面性和动态性研究特点,基于代谢物的整体研究思路与中医药整体观理论相契合。其化学信息完整且可动态研究,有助于中药质量追溯体系的建立,为药材质量评价研究提供新思路和新方法。植物代谢组学在药材质量评价中的研究逐渐增多,其核心是借助化学计量学方法筛选鉴定差异代谢物或特异性标志化合物,为植物代谢组学在药材质量控制和评价的推广应用提供思路和参考。本研究重点关注影响药材质量的主要因素,如产地、逆境、品种、部位、采收期、商品规格和炮制加工,系统阐述植物代谢组学结合化学计量学方法在药材质量控制和评价中的应用和成效,归纳总结其中存在的问题,并提出未来研究方向与趋势。代谢组学在药材质量评价方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,但植物代谢组学整体化学信息的绝对定性和定量还需进一步探索,且单一组学方法无法从药效和基因层面进行深层次解析。未来应积极提升植物代谢组学方法标准化和数据库完备性,将植物代谢组学助力于质量标志物探索。同时,将代谢组学方法与其他组学方法整合,完善药材质量控制和评价体系。

The quality of traditional Chinese medicine has a direct impact on the effectiveness and safety of its use,and is the premise necessary to ensure the healthy development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.Comprehensive and accurate control and evaluation of the quality of medicinal materials is of great significance to the traditional Chinese medicine industry,but the complexity and dynamics of the chemical composition of medicinal materials makes their quality evaluation a challenge.Plant metabolomics provides an integrated and comprehensive analysis that is consistent with the holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine.Chemical information therein promotes the establishment of a traceable system and provides new ideas and methods for the quality evaluation of medicinal materials.Plant metabolomics in the quality evaluation of medicinal materials is gradually increasing,and the core is the screening and identification of differential metabolites or specific marker compounds by means of stoichiometry.This study focused on the main factors that affect the quality of medicinal materials,such as origin,environmental adversity,varieties,harvest time,commercial specification and TCM processing.We describe the research progress in plant metabolomics combined with chemometrics analysis for the quality control and evaluation of medicinal materials,summarize existing problems,identify trends,and propose future research directions.Metabolomics plays an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of medicinal materials,but the absolute qualitative and quantitative information of metabolomics needs to be further developed,and a single’omics’technique is not sufficient for an in-depth analysis of medicinal value.In the future,standardization of plant metabolomics methods and a more complete database should be actively promoted,and plant metabolomics should be integrated into quality marker exploration.Plant metabolomics will need to be integrated with other’omics’methods to improve the quality and evaluation system of medicinal materials.