负有照护职责人员性侵罪的立法根据及犯罪类型

Legal Basis for Adding “Aexual Assault Crime of Personnel with Care Responsibilities”

负有照护职责人员性侵罪增设的法理构建,是性侵犯罪刑事立法全覆盖和法秩序统一原理共同作用的结果。一方面,“性同意年龄部分提高”与“禁忌伦理观念”并非界定照护性侵行为的核心要素,应当从发生性关系双方地位差异的角度探寻本罪的立法根据,将“性剥削”概念引入刑法理论之中,区别于“性强制”而作为独立的犯罪类型。照护性侵行为是指负有照护职责人员利用照护关系中形成的优势地位与其照护的未成年女性发生性关系,剥削其性利益的行为;另一方面,应当立足于法秩序统一原理,依照《民法典》性骚扰规则进一步描述“性剥削”行为的类型特征,照护性侵罪所侵犯的不仅仅是未成年女性的性自主权或身心健康,其本质上侵害的是未成年女性性相关的人格尊严。

The jurisprudential construction of the addition of the crime of sexual assault by the personnel responsible for care is the result of the full coverage of the criminal legislation of the crime of sexual assault and the principle of the unity of legal order. On the one hand,“partially increasing the age of sexual consent”and“taboo ethics”are not the core elements to define the behavior of caring for sexual assault. We should explore the legislative basis of this crime from the perspective of the status difference between the two sides of sexual relations,and introduce the concept of“sexual exploitation”into the criminal law theory,which is different from“sexual coercion”as an independent type of crime. Sexual abuse in care refers to the behavior that the personnel responsible for care take advantage of the dominant position formed in the care relationship to have sexual relations with the underage women they care for and exploit their sexual use;On the other hand,we should be based on the principle of the unity of legal order and further describe the types and characteristics of “sexual exploitation”according to the sexual harassment rules of the civil code. The crime of caring for sexual assault infringes not only the sexual autonomy or physical and mental health of minors,but also the sexual related human dignity of minors.