费尔巴哈的自然及人本主义哲学再解读

A Reinterpretation of Feuerbach’s Philosophy of Nature and Humanism

长久以来学界将费尔巴哈哲学“划时代作用”理解为重新恢复了唯物主义的权威,以此来确证其哲学的历史功绩为以自然唯物主义超越了唯心主义。实际上自然唯物主义在康德哲学那里就已被终结,费尔巴哈所关注的自然是“社会的自然”,是对基督教与黑格尔哲学进行批判的问题。费尔巴哈的以“人”为中心的人本主义哲学思想不在于去寻求本源、去说明何者为第一性的问题,而是以人为中心说明和寻求思维与存在的统一,因而作为一种新哲学,它的贡献与意义比学界所普遍认为的更加重大,它是黑格尔哲学的真理、是对整个近代哲学的终结。

For a long time,the academic circle has regarded the epoch-making effect of Feuerbach’s philosophy as the restoration of materialism authority so as to confirm the historical contribution of his philosophy that natural materialism surpasses idealism.In fact,natural materialism ended up in Kantism,and the nature that Feuerbach pays attention to is“the nature of society”and a critique of Christianity and Hegel’s philosophy as well.Rather than the sought of the origin and the explanation of what is the primary,Feuerbach’s“people-centered”humanism explores and seeks the unity of thinking and existence.Therefore,as a new philosophy,its contribution and significance are greater than what academic circles generally believe.It is the truth of Hegel’s philosophy and the end of the whole modern philosophy.