胜境作亭诗情画意——拙政园三亭造境研究

Building Pavilions in Poetic and Picturesque Scienic Spot——A study of environment construction with three pavilions in Humble Administrator’s Garden

亭是中华古文化中协调人与自然关系的代表建筑。亭踞山巅、结亭组景乃我国风景园林中的重要模式。亭踞山巅既能登高眺远又可以获得“时空合一”的生命体验,结亭组景开辟了我国风景园林感受序列的新篇章。位于拙政园的绣绮亭、荷风四面亭与宜两亭,既是结亭组景的经典案例,又是我国传统造园理论中“巧于因借、精在体宜”手法的生动体现。梳理拙政园历史中三亭的变迁,结合匾额、楹联及相关绘画、图像,分析三亭所蕴含的诗情和画意,并通过对三亭在园林总体布局上与周围建筑所成的角度、距离、高远比及面积进行量化,探寻三亭在拙政园的位置经营规律。

The pavilion is a kind of representative building in ancient Chinese culture to coordinate the relationship between man and nature.Thus,building pavilions on top of hills and grouping pavilions in scenery creation are important models in China’s landscape architecture.Located on mountaintops,the pavilion provides an overlook view from above and a life experience of“the integration of time and space”as well.In this case,creating scenery with grouped pavilions may open up a new chapter in the experiencing sequence of landscape architecture in China.In the middle and west of the Humble Administrator’s garden,the Peony Pavilion,the Pavilion in Lotus Breezes and the Both Families Pavilion are located on the mountaintop or the flat ground respectively.They are not only the classic cases of the scene of grouped pavilions,but also a vivid embodiment of Chinese traditional gardening technique,that is,“the ingenuity in its shape suitable to the site conditions and the delicacy in the size appropriate with landscape”.Studying the historical change of these three pavilions,and the horizontal inscribed boards,the couplets on pillar and other relevant paintings in the Humble Administrator’s garden,this paper analyzes the poetic and pictorial meanings contained in three pavilions.By quantifying the angle,the distance,the spatial scale ratio and the floor area formed by three pavilions and the surrounding buildings in the overall garden layout,this paper explores the aesthetic law of spatial composition of three pavilions in Humble Administrator’s Garden.