“双碳”目标与中国能源转型思考(四)--对能源转型系统工程的几点认识

Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals and Reflections on China′s Energy Transition Part Ⅳ--Some Understandings of Energy Transition Systems Engineering

除二氧化碳以外还有许多污染环境物质与能源有关,应该把实现“双碳”目标与环保更紧密地结合起来。要重视化石能源开采和使用过程中所排放甲烷的消除和利用。在能源转型中要贯彻因地制宜、因时制宜,多能互补的原则。我国要特别关注不同地区之间和城乡之间的能源发展差异,不搞高指标、抢头彩、运动式减碳,防止一刀切。充分利用碳达峰的时间为后期更艰难的碳中和做好基础研究准备。从经济和能源全局出发处理好不同能源之间的关系,多种能源灵活互补,清洁煤电承担起主要的兜底作用,共同保障能源安全。能源发展中要关注不同级别、特点的能源区划分,完善能源区之间的智能联网,实现多能互补、区域调度,发展分布式能源,做到源网荷储一体化。正确处理能源转型中政府与市场的关系,在中央统筹下坚定目标、稳中求进,把政府的能源补贴和碳税作为支持和调控不同能源发展的重要手段,以绿色金融和碳交易发挥能源转型中市场的推动作用。加强能源转型中的基础性研究,并推动向市场应用的转化。总之,要把实现双碳目标和能源转型纳入构建新发展格局中统筹考虑和谋划。

In addition to carbon dioxide,there are many other pollutants related to energy,so achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality should be more closely linked to environmental protection.Attention should be paid to the elimination and utilization of the methane emitted during the exploitation and use of fossil energy.The principles of adaptation to local conditions and time and multi-energy complementarity should be followed in energy transition.China should pay special attention to the differences in energy development between different regions and between urban and rural areas,refrain from setting high targets,grabbing the top prize and reducing carbon emissions through campaigns,avoid a one-size-fits-all approach,and make full use of the time in carbon peaking stage to carry out basic research for the more difficult carbon neutrality at the later stage.We should handle the relationship between different energy sources from the overall situation of economy and energy,and ensure energy security through multi-energy complementarity with clean coal power as the main support.During energy development,attention should be paid to the division of energy zones of different levels with different characteristics,the intelligent networking among energy zones should be improved to realize multi-energy complementarity and regional scheduling,and distributed energy should be developed to achieve source-grid-load-storage integration.We should correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market in energy transition,set firm goals and steadily make progress under the overall planning of the central government,take the government′s energy subsidies and carbon taxes as important means to support and regulate the development of different energy sources,give play to the driving role of the market in energy transition through green finance and carbon trading,and strengthen the basic researches in energy transition and promote the transformation to market applications.All in all,the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the energy transition should be incorporated into the construction of a new development pattern for overall consideration and planning.