伦理身份·伦理选择·道德教诲——文学伦理学批评视域下的《离骚》研究

Ethical Identity,Ethical Choice and Moral Teaching:An Ethical Literary Interpretation of Li Sao

《离骚》是中国古代最长的抒情诗。屈原在《离骚》中自述身世,言说自身不幸的遭遇,表达对国家命运的忧思与对人民生活的关心。从文学伦理学批评的视角出发,屈原所有的行为皆与伦理身份密切相关,“帝高阳之苗裔”,膺忠贞之大臣,作为楚国贵族与朝中大臣,他需要承担与伦理身份相符的伦理责任。屈原承担了相应的伦理责任,同时面临家国大义、个人利益与忠奸之间的艰难伦理选择,因而有“举世皆浊我独清,众人皆醉我独醒”之体现。在理性意志的主导下,屈原的《离骚》不仅表现了诗人的道德理想与对不同流合污的坚守,更显现出他在污浊不堪的朝堂之中发出石破天惊的呐喊,向君王、朝臣以及世人传达教诲意义,展现了流传千年的伦理道德观念及其修身理想与爱国情志。

Li Sao is the longest lyric poem in ancient China.In Li Sao,Qu Yuan describes his life experience and unfortunate encounter,expresses his concern for the fate of the country and shows his solicitude for people’s life.From the perspective of ethical literary criticism,Qu Yuan’s actions are closely related to his ethical identity.He is the Miao descendant of emperor Gaoyang and a loyal minister.As an aristocrat and minister of Chu,he needs to bear the ethical responsibility which is consistent with his ethical identity.Qu Yuan undertakes the corresponding ethical responsibility and faces the difficult ethical choice between the interests of home and country and personal interests,as well as loyalty and treachery.Therefore,it is reflected that everyone is drunk but Qu Yuan wakes up alone,and the whole world is turbid but Qu Yuan is pure.Under the guidance of rational will,Qu Yuan’s Li Sao not only expresses his own moral ideal and his persistence in not associating with evil elements,but also sends out a stone-breaking cry in the filthy court,conveys the educational significance to the king,courtiers and common people and shows the ethics and morality for thousands of years and his ideal of self-cultivation,loyal to the king and love for his home and country.