高选择性固体基底电喷雾质谱离子源的研究进展

Research Progress of Highly Selective Solid Substrate Electrospray Ionization Sources for Mass Spectrometry

固体基底电喷雾离子源使用固体基底承载样品,并对样品进行电喷雾离子化,是敞开式质谱分析的核心,适用于小分子化合物和生物大分子的快速质谱分析,但是对复杂基质中微量甚至痕量水平目标物的检测灵敏度较低。因此,为提高离子化效率和目标物质的信号响应,优化固体基底电喷雾离子源的选择性是非常必要的。本文首先介绍典型固体基底材料的类型;然后重点介绍提高离子源选择性的策略,包括利用碳基材料、高分子聚合物和免疫材料等对固体基底进行修饰的方法及应用;最后探讨这些方法的优势和问题,以及未来面对的挑战及发展趋势。

Solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry is an ambient mass spectrometry method that involves carrying,ionization and detection of the samples.This approach has a wide range of applications,and which is appropriate for rapid mass spectrometric analyses of small molecules to large biological molecules.However,when dealing with targets existing at trace levels in complicated matrices,the sensitivity of solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry is becoming more of an issue.The solid substrate is the most important component of a solid substrate electrospray ionization source,and its selectivity is critical for improving the ionization efficiency and signal response of the target compound.The improvement of detection capability of trace components in complex samples by solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry can be obtained by two strategies.On the one hand,to reduce the effect of matrix interference on detection sensitivity and collect as many target analytes as possible,on the other hand,to improve solvent desorption and target ionization efficiency in the electrospray solvent elution process to form electrospray.This review firstly summarized the variety of solid substrate materials,and then introduced the development strategies for improving the selectivity of ion source,such as ways for modifying solid substrates using carbon-based materials,polymers,and immunological materials,as well as their applications.Surface modification of solid substrates using functional compounds can improve the selectivity and adsorption of target analytes,reduce the matrix interference and improve the detection sensitivity.Finally,the benefits and drawbacks of various methods were explored,as well as the challenges and potential development tendencies.