民族村寨旅游发展模式建构与实现路径——基于空间生产的视角

Construction and Realization Path of Tourism Development Mode in Ethnic Village

民族村寨是延续乡愁记忆的文化空间,是传承和弘扬中华农耕文化的重要场域,是乡村振兴的基本单元。目前旅游业快速发展带来的文化生态系统失衡已成为民族村寨可持续发展面临的深层次挑战。本文以贵州西江苗寨和肇兴侗寨为例,基于空间生产视角,提供新的分析框架:新的利益主体,由政府、企业、村民三要素转变为政府、企业、村民、旅游者、NGO和旅游资源六要素,形成权益均衡的六螺旋结构;新的空间生产模式,构建出“点—轴—圈—面”模式、“三生空间”全域旅游模式、“前台—中台—后台”模式、产业链模式和利益相关者共建共治共享模式;新的实现路径,包括民族村寨空间表征、全域发展、IP生产、产业集成和空间体验。因此,应理顺利益主体的结构关系、创新旅游空间生产机制、搭建数字空间生产平台,促进民族村寨旅游高质量发展。

Ethnic villages are a cultural space for continuing nostalgia and memory,an important field for inheriting and carrying forward Chinese farming culture,and a basic unit of rural revitalization.At present,the imbalance of cultural ecosystem brought about by the rapid development of tourism has become a deep challenge for the sustainable development of ethnic villages.Taking Xijiang Miao Village and Zhaoxing Dong Village in Guizhou province as examples,this paper provides a new analytical framework based on the perspective of spatial production:the new stakeholders have changed from the three elements of government,enterprises and villagers to six elements of government,enterprises,villagers,NGO,tourists and tourism resources,forming a six-helix structure with balanced rights and interests;the new spatial production mode has constructed the"point-axis-circle-surface"mode,the"three-life spatial"all-for-one tourism mode,the"front-middle-backstage"mode,the industrial chain model and the stakeholder co-construction,co-governance and sharing mode;the new implementation paths include the spatial representation of ethnic villages,regional development,IP production,industrial integration and spatial experience.Therefore,it is necessary to straighten out the structural relationship of stakeholders,innovate the production mechanism of tourism space,build a digital space production platform,and promote the high-quality development of tourism in ethnic villages.