深度学习的实践逻辑——基于认知神经科学的视角

Practical Logic of the Deep Learning from the Perspective of Cognitive Neuroscience

探索深度学习具有何种认知神经机理既能为深度学习理论构建与检验提供依据,亦对促进课堂教学中学生深度学习发生有启发意义。基于已有的深度学习理论认识,系统梳理国际前沿的深度学习相关神经机制研究成果可发现,学生深度学习的发生需要学习动机驱动、具备相应的知识基础及充裕的认知资源方面的前提条件;学生在深度学习过程中需要对知识进行有效加工,通过多种形式促进理解及运用专注力进行维持;学生深度学习的结果表征为高阶思维形成、多元素养培育及良好学习习惯形成。这启示教师需要打造具有深度教学特质的课堂、加强对课堂教学的反思、长期推动学生深度学习训练以及给予学生高质量个性化反馈。

Exploring the cognitive neural mechanism of deep learning can not only provide the basis for the construction and test of deep learning theory,but also inspire the occurrence of students’deep learning in classroom teaching.Based on the existing theoretical framework of deep learning,this study systematically reviews the research results of neural mechanisms related to deep learning in the international frontier.It can be found that the occurrence of students’deep learning needs to be driven by learning motivation,have the corresponding knowledge base and abundant cognitive resources;students need to process knowledge effectively in the process of deep learning,promote understanding through various forms and maintain their concentration;the results of students’deep learning are characterized by the formation of high-level thinking and the cultivation of multi elements And good study habits.This enlightens teachers to build a classroom with deep teaching characteristics,strengthen the reflection on classroom teaching,promote students’deep learning training for a long time,and give students high-quality personalized feedback.