发展西南玉米现代生态育种之我见

Insights on developing modern corn ecological breeding in southwest China

基于基因型与环境互作(G×E)原理,围绕西南玉米育种生态分区特征、国民经济发展需求、玉米产业发展趋势、育种目标需求变化和育种技术体系创新等多个维度,本文着重对西南玉米生态育种在新时期的内涵进行了系统总结与阐释,进一步凝练出以“充分重视和利用(G×E)互作”为核心、以“育种目标产业化、品种类型多元化、品种鉴选特异化、品种布局区域化、品种推广集团化、品种栽培模式化”为主要内容的西南玉米区“现代生态育种”的发展理念,系统提出选育以“稳产高产、资源高效、环境友好、优质安全、易制种、宜机收”为特征的“低风险、高效新杂交种”新时期育种目标,集成完善了以“提高新品种的抗病抗逆特性和耐密性为路径,优良特异育种资源的精细发掘与精准鉴定为前提,适应不同生态区域育种急需的不同杂优类群优良骨干自交系、特别是热带种质类群优良自交系的培育为关键,新杂交组合在特定生态区域多年多点生物与非生物强胁迫鉴定选择为重点,选育和推广特定生态区域资源高效利用、环境友好和玉米生产可持续发展的稳产高产高效新品种为保证”的育种技术体系,推动西南玉米生产与产业持续健康发展。

Based on the principle of interaction between genotype and environment(G×E),we analyze the ecological zoning characteristics of maize breeding in southwest China,the development demand of national economy,the development trend of maize industry,the change of breeding target demand,the innovation of breeding technology system and so on.We focus on the systematic summary and explanation of the connotation of maize ecological breeding in southwest China in the new period.Further condensed with“full attention and utilization of(G×E)interaction”as the core,“industrialization of breeding objectives,diversification of variety types,special identification of variety selection,regionalization of variety layout,and collectivization of variety promotion.”the development concept of“modern ecological breeding”in Southwest corn region with the main content of“model of variety cultivation”systematically put forward the breeding goal of“low risk and high efficiency new hybrid”in the new period,which is characterized by“stable yield,high efficiency,environment-friendly,high quality and safety,easy seed production and harvest by machine”.In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of maize production and industry in southwest China,we proposed the following aspects should be emphasized in breeding technology system:1)the path is to improve disease resistance and stress resistance of new varieties based on the premise of fine exploration and accurate identification of excellent and specific breeding resources;2)the key is to utilize different heterotic groups,especially the cultivation of excellent inbred lines of tropical germplasm groups urgently needed in different ecological regions,and the identification of new hybrid combinations in specific ecological regions under multi-point biotic and abiotic strong stress for multi-year;3)the guarantee is to popularize new varieties with stable yield,high yield and high efficiency guaranteed by efficient utilization of resources in specific ecological regions,environment-friendly and sustainable development of maize production.