极寒环境对硅橡胶及氟硅橡胶性能的影响研究

Influence of Extremely Cold Environment on Performance of Silicone Rubber and Fluorinated Silicone Rubber

为了研究硅橡胶与氟硅橡胶材料经极寒冷冻后的性能变化规律,将两种材料在低温试验箱中进行0、150、300、450、600、750、900、1050 h的低温冷冻,冷冻温度恒定为-50℃。试样冷冻结束后,在室温下静置2 h,测量材料的击穿电压、最大拉力、拉伸强度、硬度及表面形貌随冷冻时间的变化规律,并分析其原理。结果表明:随着低温冷冻时间的增加,硅橡胶与氟硅橡胶的击穿电压、最大拉力、拉伸强度均增大,而硬度几乎不变;在低温冷冻300 h时试样表面出现裂纹,750 h时出现明显的裂纹及孔洞,1050 h时裂纹深度进一步加深。在整个极寒环境冷冻过程中,氟硅橡胶表现出的性能均优于硅橡胶,表明在极寒环境中氟硅橡胶的性能比硅橡胶更加稳定。

In order to study the performance changes of silicone rubber and fluorinated silicone rubber after freezing at extremely cold temperature,the two materials were put into a low-temperature test box to freeze for 0,150,300,450,600,750,900,1050 h,and the temperature was set as-50℃.After freezing,the samples were taken out and stood for 2 hours at room temperature,and then the changes of breakdown voltage,maximum tensile force,tensile strength,hardness,and surface topography of the materials with freezing time were measured,and the principle were analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the low temperature freezing time,the breakdown voltage,maximum tensile force,and tensile strength of silicone rubber and fluorinated silicone rubber increase,while the hardness is almost constant.There are cracks on the sample surface after freezing for 300 h,there are obvious cracks and holes after freezing for 750 h,and the crack depth continues to deepen after freezing for 1050 h.Throughout the freezing process in the extremely cold environment,the performance of fluorinated silicone rubber is better than that of silicone rubber,which indicates that the performance of fluorinated silicone rubber is more stable than that of silicone rubber in extremely cold environment.