Recent progress onmicrofluidic devices with incorporated 1D nanostructures for enhanced extracellular vesicle(EV)separation

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space.There are three types of EVs,including exosomes(30–150 nm)[1],microvesicles(100–1000 nm),and apoptotic bodies(50–4000 nm).EVs are also important intercellular communication carriers in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune response,tumor invasion,and metastasis[2,3].EVs circulate in various body fluids(e.g.,peripheral blood and urine),while carrying genetic information(e.g.,proteins and nucleic acids)from the parent cells[2,4,5].Thus,their source can be identified through gene analysis[6–10].