禁忌性与调适性:文化生态学视野下永安溪流域传统水运生计的演变

Taboo and Adaptability:the Evolution of Traditional Water Transport Livelihood in Yong an River Basin from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology

自然环境为人类提供生存和生活的资源和场所,并与人类社会相互作用,构建了文化产生的地理基础。包括排运和船运生计在内的仙居水运生计之所以历史悠久、传承不息,一方面在于它适应了当地的地理环境并能够灵活调整应对策略,另一方面也在于它发展出一套禁忌文化系统。那么,排(船)民的禁忌心理何以产生,起到什么作用?而水运生计又是如何适应自然和社会环境,并实现创新性转型的?通过对永安溪流域的田野调查,发现仙居排(船)民的禁忌心理表达了对自然的敬畏,这有利于克服对水的恐惧和对河道的畏难情绪,以便集聚力量平安作业,从而消灾避祸。永安溪流域排运和船运生计的调适性特征体现在重视经验积累,尊重自然规律,维护生态系统的平衡,并在社会环境的变化中兼具保持和创新能力,从而获得新的资源利用空间。水运生计的保持、适应和创新等演变过程是仙居经济、社会的发展以及自然环境的变化等多重因素共同作用下的结果。

The natural environment provides human beings with resources and places for survival and life,and interacts with human society to build the geographical basis of culture.The reason why Xianju water transportation livelihood,including transportation and shipping livelihood,has a long history and continuous inheritance,on the one hand,it adapts to the local geographical environment and can flexibly adjust coping strategies,on the other hand,it also develops a set of taboo culture system.Then,why did the taboo psychology of the platoon(boat)people come into being and what role did it play?How does water transportation livelihood adapt to the natural and social environment and realize innovative transformation?Through the field investigation of Yong an River Basin,it is found that the taboo psychology of Xianju Pai(boat)people expresses their awe of nature,which is conducive to overcoming the fear of water and the fear of difficulties in the river,gathering strength and safe operation,so as to eliminate disasters and avoid disasters.The adaptability of transportation and shipping livelihood in Yong an river basin is reflected in the emphasis on experience accumulation,respect for natural laws,maintain the balance of system ecology,and have the ability to maintain and innovate in the changes of social environment,so as to obtain new space for resource utilization.The maintenance,adaptation and innovation of water transportation livelihood are the result of multiple factors such as the economic and social development of Xianju and the change of natural environment.