小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性的红外相机调查

Camera-trapping survey on large and medium-sized mammal diversity in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains

区域的物种多样性监测和评估是制定保护和管理策略的重要基础。为评估小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性现状,于2018年1月至2020年11月,以区域内最具代表性的四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区和四川冶勒省级自然保护区为主要研究区域,采用红外相机公里网格陷阱法进行了调查(n=86台)。累计完成19982个相机工作日,获得大中型兽类独立有效照片3304张,共记录大中型野生兽类18种,隶属于4目12科。其中,国家一级重点保护野生动物有大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、林麝(Moschus berezovskii)和金猫(Catopuma temminckii);国家二级重点保护野生动物有亚洲黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、中华小熊猫(Ailurus styani)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)等10种,且水鹿为该区域的新分布记录。相对多度指数排名前五的种类分别是毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneed⁃wardsii)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)。由于面积大小、海拔范围的不同,两个保护区在大中型兽类组成和相对多度方面存在一定的差异。放牧是小相岭山系两个自然保护区最主要的人为干扰。本调查为小相岭山系保护区大中型兽类及人为活动状况提供了基础数据,有助于保护区后续的保护和管理。

Regional species diversity monitoring and assessment are an important basis for the design of conservation and management strategies.To assess the status of large and medium-sized mammal diversity in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains,a baseline survey using infrared camera traps was conducted in Sichuan Yele Provincial Nature Reserve(YLPNR),Sichuan Liziping National Nature Reserve(LZPNNR),and their adjacent areas from January 2018 to November 2020.In total,86 grids(1 km×1 km each)were selected for monitoring according to habitat type and landform features,with one camera placed in each grid.A total of 19982 camera-days of data,including 3304 independent photos,were collected,and 18 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 12 families were identified.Among them,3 species are listed as first-class National Key Protected wildlife(Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Moschus berezovskii and Catopuma temminckii),and 10 species are listed as second-class National Key Protected Wildlife,including Ursus thibetanus,Ailurus styani,and Rusa unicolor.Rusa unicolor is a new record in this area.The five species with the highest relative abundance index are Elaphodus cephalophus,Capricornis milneedwardsii,Sus scrofa,Martes flavigula and Arctonyx collaris.Due to differences in area size and altitudinal range,there are some differences in the composition and relative abundance of large and medium‑sized mammals between YLPNR and LZPNNR.In addition,grazing is the main human disturbance in the two reserves of the Xiaoxiangling Mountains.We suggest that the nature reserve authorities should strengthen management to minimize the impact of grazing on wildlife.