校园欺凌治理的社会工作介入:赋能模式与循证实践

Social Work Intervention in School Bullying Governance:Empowerment Model and Evidence-based Practice

校园欺凌问题不是简单随机个体之间的行为冲突,而是复杂特殊人境互动关系失衡的后果。社会工作作为一种专业助人方法介入校园欺凌治理,将个人与环境互动作用作为分析重点,使得校园欺凌治理从注重“学生行为”的问题检视转向“成长环境”的生态赋能,体现的是“优势视角”对“问题视角”的理念超越、“赋能模式”对“教育模式”的迭代升维。校园欺凌治理的社会工作介入要结合国际化“循证实践”来探寻本土化的赋能模式,实现从问题视角到优势视角的思维转换、从训导模式到赋能模式的范式转型、从循证实践到最佳实践的标准转化。具体来看,要对“零欺凌家庭”进行情感赋能,关注代际情感互动;对“无欺凌校园”进行认知赋能,落实学校的责任;对“反欺凌政府”进行意志赋能,强化政府的主导作用;对“去欺凌社会”进行行动赋能,拓展公众的参与渠道。

The problem of school bullying is not a simple and random behavior conflict between individuals,but a complex and special imbalance of interpersonal interaction.As a professional method of helping others,social work focus on the intervention between people and the environment to intervene the school bullying.Thus,the school bullying governance shift from the problem inspection of student behavior to the ecological empowerment of growing environment,which reflects the transcendence of the concept of strengths perspective to problem perspectiveand the iterative upgrading of empowerment model to education model.The social work intervention of school bullying governance needs to explore the localized“empowerment mode”in combination with the international“evidence-based practice”,and realize the thinking transformation from problem perspective to advantage perspective,paradigm transformation from training mode to enabling mode,and standard transformation from evidence-based practice to best practice.Specifically,to empower“zero bullying family”emotionally,focus on intergenerational emotional interaction,cognitive empowerment of“no bullying school”,implement the main responsibility of schools;“anti-bullying government”,strengthen the leading role of government;to empower“de bullying society”,expand the channels of public participation.