摘要
In the face of worldwide amphibian declines,integrative studies combining individual-based information and genetic data represent a powerful approach to produce robust,reliable,and comparable assessments of demographic dynamics.The Iberian painted frog(Discoglossus galganoi)is endemic to Spain and Portugal and shows decreasing population trends across its range,but few studies have attempted to estimate census sizes or assess genetic diversity in wild populations,and little is known about their reproductive biology.We applied an integrative approach based on the combination of capture-mark-recapture data and multilocus genotypes to monitor a breeding population of D.galganoi in central Spain during two consecutive breeding seasons,focusing on the estimation of demographic parameters and their temporal variation.Specifically,we estimated the number of adults(Na),the effective population size(Ne),and the effective number of breeders(Nb),as well as survival and migration rates.We documented a>50%decrease in the estimated number of adults of both sexes between the breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019,probably associated with reduced rainfall in the latter.Estimates of Nb and the Nb/Na ratio were low in both seasons,with a 20–30%decrease in Nb and a 47%increase in the Nb/Na ratio in 2019.Based on the reconstruction of pedigrees from larval and adult genotypes,we provide the first genetic evidence of polygamy in males and females of D.galganoi and the first estimates of breeding success in the species.
基金
the Ethics Committee of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Spain(ref.:710/2018)and Comunidad de Madrid(ref.:PROEX 040/19)
which also extended legal permits for tissue collection for scientific purposes(ref.:10/069513.9/18).
