增粘剂在泡沫铝孔泡稳定成形机制研究现状

Researchstatus of thickening agents in stable forming mechanism of aluminum foam cells

泡沫铝作为结构与功能一体化的新型材料,具有减震、阻尼、吸能、降噪等优异的性能而广受关注。介绍了合金元素、颗粒相、纤维相、片层相、分解产物等不同类型的增粘剂对铝基合金熔体粘度和孔泡稳定性的影响。分析了添加不同类型增粘剂在铝熔体中生成的各种产物以及对应的增粘机理,并综述了国内和国外泡沫铝的研究现状。但是增粘剂的均匀分散需要较长时间的搅拌,易使铝熔体过度氧化,造成熔体内部产生过多的脆性氧化物,从而使泡沫铝复合材料的脆性增加,引起泡沫铝承载吸能性能的下降。最后针对上述的问题,提出了无增粘制备技术、半固态制备技术,两种具有发展前景的泡沫铝制备工艺,简述了两种制备工艺的优点并对泡沫铝的发展前景进行合理的展望。

As a new type of material with an integrated structure and function,aluminum foam has been widely concerned for its excellent properties of shock absorption,damping,sound absorption and noise reduction.The effects of different types of thickening agents such as alloying element,particle phase,fiber phase,lamellar phase and decomposition product on melt viscosity and bubble stability of aluminum base alloy are presented.In this paper,various phases and viscosity-enhancing mechanism of aluminum foam with diverse types of thickening agents are analyzed,and the research status of aluminum foam at home and abroad is reviewed.The uniform dispersion of the thickening agents requires a long time of stirring,which is easy to make the aluminum melt over-oxidized and produce more oxides in the melt,thus increasing the brittleness of the aluminum foam composite and causing the decline of the material's performance of carrying and absorbing energy.Finally,in view of the above problems,the non-viscosity preparation technology and semi-solid preparation technology,two kinds of development prospects of aluminum foam preparation technology are offered.The advantages of the two preparation technology and the development prospect of aluminum foam are reasonably forecasted.