纳米SiO_(2)/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

Preparation and properties of nano-SiO_(2)/phenolic resin composites

制备了不同掺杂量(0,2%,4%,6%(质量分数))的纳米SiO_(2)/酚醛树脂复合材料。通过FT-IR、力学性能测试、SEM、TGA和吸水率测试等研究了纳米SiO_(2)掺杂量对复合材料光谱特性、力学性能、微观形貌、热稳定性和防水性能的影响。结果表明,所有纳米SiO_(2)/酚醛树脂复合材料均具有典型的酚醛树脂结构,掺入纳米SiO_(2)后,复合材料的力学性能得到了提高,当纳米SiO_(2)的掺杂量为4%(质量分数)时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率都达到了最大值,分别为24.7 MPa和15.68%;掺入纳米SiO_(2)后,复合材料的基体开始由无裂痕到逐渐出现了树枝状细小的裂痕,随着纳米SiO_(2)掺杂量的增加,裂纹逐渐增大;掺入纳米SiO_(2)后,复合材料的热稳定性能得到了改善,当纳米SiO_(2)的掺杂量为6%(质量分数)时,分解温度最高为671.5℃;掺入纳米SiO_(2)后,复合材料的防水性能得到提高,当纳米SiO_(2)的掺杂量为4%(质量分数)时,复合材料24 h的吸水率最低为0.87%。综合来看,纳米SiO_(2)的最佳掺杂量为4%(质量分数)。

Nano-SiO_(2)/phenolic resin composites with different doping amounts(0,2wt%,4wt%,6wt%)were prepared.The effects of nano-SiO_(2) doping on the spectral properties,mechanical properties,micro morphology,thermal stability and waterproof properties of the composites were studied by FT-IR,mechanical properties test,SEM,TGA and water absorption test.The results showed that all nano-SiO_(2)/phenolic resin composites had typical phenolic resin structure.After adding nano-SiO_(2),the mechanical properties of the composites were improved.When the doping amount of Nano-SiO_(2) was 4wt%,the tensile strength and fracture elongation of the composites reached the maximum,which were 24.7 MPa and 15.68%respectively.After adding nano-SiO_(2),the matrix of the composite began to show dendritic fine cracks from no cracks.With the increase of Nano-SiO_(2) doping,the cracks gradually increased.The thermal stability of the composites was improved by adding nano-SiO_(2).When the doping amount of nano-SiO_(2) was 6 wt%,the highest decomposition temperature was 671.5℃.After adding nano-SiO_(2),the waterproof performance of the composite was improved.When the doping amount of nano-SiO_(2) was 4wt%,the minimum water absorption of the composite for 24 h was 0.87%.Overall,the optimum doping amount of nano-SiO_(2) was 4 wt%.