贵州喀斯特地区不同生境土壤放线菌的分布

Distribution of Soil Actinomycetes from Different Habitats in Karst Areas of Guizhou

为了解贵州喀斯特地貌不同生境中土壤放线菌的分布特征,从贵州兴义万峰林国家地质公园、六盘水梅花山、毕节威宁草海国家自然保护区、毕节金沙县、绥阳双河洞采集不同生境土壤样品25份。采用改良后高氏培养基对不同生境土壤中的放线菌进行分离和纯化,并通过形态鉴定和16S rDNA序列对放线菌菌株进行分析鉴定。结果表明:从贵州喀斯特土壤样品中共分离得到156株放线菌菌株,共鉴定到6个属:游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、放线菌属(Rhodococcus)、链霉菌属(Streptomyce),分别属于24个种和1个疑似新种(暂命名枝链霉菌Streptomyces rameus sp.nov.)。在不同生境土壤中,自然保护区(威宁草海)的放线菌数量和种类最多,其次为喀斯特洞穴(绥阳双河洞)。本研究初步揭示了贵州喀斯特地区土壤放线菌资源及分布特征,可为放线菌的资源开发提供科学依据。

In order to investigate the distribution and diversity of actinomycetes in karst soil of Guizhou province,twenty five soil samples from different altitudes and habitats in Karst areas of Guizhou were designed as research objects,such as Wanfenglin National Geological Park,Meihua Mountain,Caohai National Nature Reserve,Jinsha County,and Shuanghe Cave.The actinomycetes in different habitat soils were isolated and purified by modified Gause′s Synthetic Agar medium,and the actinomycetes strains were analyzed and identified by morphological identification and 16S rDNA sequence.The results showed that a total of 156 actinomycete strains were isolated from karst soil samples in Guizhou,which belonged to 6 genera(Actinoplanes,Micromonospora,Nocardia,Nocardioides,Rhodococcus,and Streptomyce),24 species and 1 suspected new species(Streptomyces rameus sp.nov.).Among the soils of different habitats,Caohai National Nature Reserve had the largest number and species of actinomycetes,followed by Shuanghe Cave.This result preliminarily revealed the characteristics of soil actinomycetes resources and diversity distribution in the karst area of Guizhou,which could provide a scientific basis for the development of actinomycetes resources.