清初海洋政策再思——以清初的海禁与开海为讨论中心

A Further Study on the Maritime Policy in the Early Qing Period——Focusing on the maritime prohibition and opening in the Early Qing Period

清政府在清初的内外情势变化之下制定了一系列严厉的海禁政策来完成其政治上巩固统治、经济上争夺贸易控制权、军事上对抗东南沿海反清力量的总体战略。在法令颁布与政策执行之中,在禁海与开海之间,其权衡与反复的历史情况是极为复杂的。清初所实施的海禁政策对其统一进程的影响也是充满两面性的,但其治策在当时的历史情境下有其内在的逻辑合理性。不宜以后世形成的关于“开放”与“封闭”的观念来笼统地批判清初包括海禁在内的海洋政策。

At the beginning of the Qing Period,the government made a series of strict maritime prohibition policies to complete its overall strategy of political consolidation,economic control of trade,and military confrontation against the anti-Qing forces on the southeast coast.In the process of promulgation and policy implementation,the historical situation of balancing and repeating between closed and open maritime is very complicated.The maritime prohibition policy implemented in the Early Qing Period also had a dual influence on the process of its unification,but its policy had its inherent logic rationality under the historical situation at that time.It is not appropriate to criticize the maritime policy in the Early Qing Period,including maritime prohibition,with the concept of openness and closure formed in later generations.