基于历史制度主义的农村扶贫政策变迁及减贫机理

Rural Poverty Alleviation Policy Changes and Poverty Reduction Mechanism:An Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism

中国式现代化过程中,农村扶贫政策推动了绝对贫困的大规模消除,阐释政策变迁、解开政策减贫“秘方”,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文采用历史制度主义的分析方法,构建“场域—形式—行为”政策变迁分析框架,阐释农村扶贫政策变迁及减贫机理。研究表明,农村扶贫政策经历了从着力解决温饱、致力总体小康、奋力全面小康,再向乡村振兴过渡的历史分期。在“减贫战略—农村改革—理念转型”场域中,农村扶贫政策通过渐进式政策更替、层叠、漂移、转换变迁保持存续和稳定,持续塑造政府主导、社会参与、贫困人口内生发展的行为者行为,促进贫困人口内生发展、摆脱绝对贫困。农村扶贫政策稳定是消除绝对贫困的关键,这为刻画中国特色反贫困理论注入了新的内涵,也为脱贫攻坚向乡村振兴过渡的政策稳定提供了必要的经验。

In the process of Chinese-style modernization,the rural poverty alleviation policy has promoted the elimination of absolute poverty on a large scale,so it is an important theoretical issue to explain policy changes and unlock the“secret recipe”of policy poverty reduction.This paper adopts the analytical method of historical institutionalism to construct the analysis framework of“field-form-behavior”policy changes,and explains the changes in rural poverty alleviation policies and poverty reduction mechanism.It is found that the rural poverty alleviation policy has experienced four historical stages:solving the problem of food and clothing,building a well-off society,building a well-off society in an all-round way,and promoting rural revitalization.In a specific policy field,the rural poverty alleviation policy maintains its continuity and stability by gradually changing the policies and continuing to shape the model of government-led,socially engaged and endogenous development for the poor,so as to promote the endogenous development of the poor and get rid of absolute poverty.The stability of rural poverty alleviation policy is the key to eliminating absolute poverty.This paper injects new connotation for depicting the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics,and also provides necessary experience for the policy stability of the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization.