隐含水污染视角下的中国省际农业生态补偿标准研究

Inter-provincial Agricultural Ecological Compensation Standards in China from the Perspective of Embodied Water Pollution

本文基于多区域投入产出模型,分别测算了各省份农业生产端和消费端的水污染及其构成来源,同时分析了农业水污染随贸易在省与省之间的净转移方向和数量,并依据水污染治理成本确定了各省份的生态补偿支付/受偿标准。研究结果表明,农业生产端和消费端水污染排放在全国各省份之间的差距较大,省际之间确实存在大量的水污染转移。转入区域主要为农业发展条件较为优渥的东北和华北地区以及长江中游地区;转出区域则主要为二三产业较为发达的东部沿海地区和人口大省。依据各省份农业水污染的净转移方向,确定的生态补偿支付省份有北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、山东、湖北、广东、重庆、云南、西藏、陕西、青海和宁夏,其中北京市的支付补偿标准最高,为25.65亿元;生态补偿的受偿省份有辽宁、湖南、河北、吉林、甘肃、黑龙江、广西、江西、山西、河南、内蒙古、新疆、海南、贵州、四川,其中河北省的受偿标准最高,为24.52亿元。考虑到农业水污染转移的复杂性及生态补偿支付/受偿数额的不对称性,省际间横向生态补偿仍需充分发挥中央政府或第三方机构的作用。

Based on a multi-regional input-output model,this paper separately measured the production and consumption end of each province’s agricultural water pollution and its constituent sources.At the same time,it analyzed the direction and amount of the net transfer of agricultural water pollution along with trade between provinces.Combined with the cost of water pollution control,this paper calculated the ecological compensation standards of each province.The results show a large gap between the production and consumption of agricultural water pollution discharges between provinces in China,and there is indeed a large amount of water pollution transfer between provinces.The transfer-in areas are mainly the Northeast and North China regions and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River with better agricultural development conditions;the transfer-out areas are mainly the eastern coastal areas with more developed secondary and tertiary industries and the populous provinces.According to the direction of the net transfer of agricultural water pollution in each province,the provinces identified for ecological compensation payments are Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Shandong,Hubei,Guangdong,Chongqing,Yunnan,Tibet,Shaanxi,Qinghai,and Ningxia.Among them,Beijing has the highest payment standard,which is 2.57 billion yuan;the provinces that receive ecological compensation are Liaoning,Hunan,Hebei,Jilin,Gansu,Heilongjiang,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Shanxi,Henan,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Hainan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.Hebei has the highest compensation standard,which is 2.45 billion yuan.Considering the complexity of agricultural water pollution transfer and the asymmetry of ecological compensation payment/compensation amount,inter-provincial horizontal ecological compensation still needs to give full play to the role of the central government or third-party agencies.