单碱基编辑技术及其在动物育种中的应用研究进展

Advances in Base Editing and Research Progress in Its Application in Animal Breeding

单碱基编辑技术是以CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)系统为基础衍生出的能够对基因组进行精确定点编辑的一项新技术。与CRISPR/Cas9技术系统不同,单碱基编辑系统通过在双链造成单切口后对碱基进行单碱基的替换,有效解决CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统双链断裂易产生片段插入或者缺失的缺陷,提高单碱基编辑的精确性及效率。本文介绍了胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(Cytosine Base Editor)、腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(Adenine Base Editor)以及最新的引导编辑系统(Prime Editing)的建立过程、原理、优缺点及其在动物育种中的应用,并对单碱基编辑技术发展进行展望。

Base editing is a new precise genome editing technique derived from the CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system. Unlike the CRISPR/Cas9 system, base editing system implements A→G or C→T base substitution after a single incision occurs to the double strand, which effectively address the drawbacks of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system like fragment insertion or missing easily caused by double-strand break, thereby improving the precision and efficiency of base editing. In this paper, the construction processes, principles, advantages and disadvantages of cytosine base editor(CBE), adenine base editor(ABE) and most recent prime editing(PE), as well as their applications in animal breeding, are introduced, and a prospect about the development of base editing is presented.