管理应激对奶牛泌乳性能的影响及其机制

Effects and Mechanism of Management Stress on Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows

管理应激是奶牛集约化饲养过程中的主要应激种类之一,可扰乱奶牛正常生理代谢活动、降低奶牛生产水平。管理应激可引起乳腺紧密连接损伤、乳腺内病原微生物感染和氧化还原失衡,激活Nrf2-ARE、NF-κB、HIF-1等多种胞内响应信号,对奶牛免疫力和泌乳性能带来不利影响。本文综述了管理应激源的分类及其对奶牛乳腺泌乳功能的影响,并从乳腺微观结构、信号转导等方面,介绍了管理应激影响奶牛泌乳的可能机制,以期为现代规模化奶牛饲养提供理论依据。

Management stress is one of the main stresses in the intensive feeding process, which can disrupt the normal physiological metabolism and decrease the productivity of dairy cows. Management stress can result in mammary tight junction damage, intra-mammary pathogen infection as well as an unbalanced redox system. The Nrf2-ARE, NF-κB, HIF-1signaling pathways could be activated by management stress, which impairs the immunity and lactation performance of dairy cows. In this review, the classification of management stressors was introduced, and their effects and possible mechanisms on lactation performance in dairy cows were also discussed.