白足蚜小蜂成虫的生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Adult Aphelinus albipodus(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)on Peach Aphid

白足蚜小蜂(Aphelinus albipodus)是蚜虫重要内寄生蜂之一,为更好地利用白足蚜小蜂防控农林害虫,在室内以桃蚜(Myzus persicae)饲养并在体视显微镜下观察记录,对其成虫生物学特性进行研究。结果表明,白足蚜小蜂羽化时间集中在6:00-10:00。羽化当天即可进行交配,交配过程可分为4个阶段,分别为求偶、交配前期、交配及交配后期。交配过程耗时148.5 s±10 s。雌雄同性间存在交配竞争。一头雌蜂在观察的3 h内可与1.8±0.2头未交配雄蜂交配,雄蜂可与10.4±2.0个雌蜂交配。白足蚜小蜂可进行孤雌生殖和两性生殖,孤雌生殖的后代均为雄性,一头雌蜂24 h孤雌生殖18.8±1.0头雄性子蜂;两性生殖可产9.9±1.1头雌蜂及6.6±0.4头雄蜂。寄生过程可划分为搜寻寄主、试探寄主、产卵寄生或取食寄主及清扫梳理5个步骤。从产卵寄生到成蜂羽化需要10~14 d。白足蚜小蜂喜欢在上午羽化,羽化后即可交配,雌雄蜂均可多次交配,同性个体间存在交配竞争,以孤雌和两性生殖繁衍后代,完成一个生活史需10~14 d。

A endoparasitoid,Aphelinus albipodus,is one of the important aphid parasitoid wasps.In order to utilize A.albipodus to control agricultural and forestry aphids,rearing observation and dissection was conducted under the light microscope to explore the adults biological characteristics.The results showed that A.albipodus adults emerged mainly at 6:00-10:00 am.Female and male adults could mate on the same day of the emergence.The mating process could be divided into four phases:courtship,precopulation,copulation and postcopulation.The average mating time was 148.5 s±10 s.There were competition between the same sexes.A female could mate with 1.8±0.2 unmated males within 3 hours,one male could copulate with 10.4±2.0 unmated females within 3 hour.A.albipodus female could reproduce by parthenogenesis and amphigenesis.The offsprings reproduced by parthenogenesis were all male and one female reproduced 18.8±1.0 males within 24 hours,while bisexual reproduced 9.9±1.1 females and 6.6±0.4 males.The parasitization process could be divided into five steps for searching host,probing insertion site,parasitic oviposition(or hosing feed),and cleaning and carding.Life cycle from egg to adult ranged 10-14 days.The A.albipodus perferred emerging in the morning and mating after eclosion.There is mating competition between same sexes and they can mate more than one time,and reproduce by parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism,and take 10-14 days to complete a life cycle.