精神分裂症中医证候的分布特征研究

Study on Distribution Characteristics of TCM Syndromes of Schizophrenia

目的:探讨精神分裂症中医证候在不同性别、年龄阶段、季节及病程的分布特征及临床价值。方法:运用描述性统计方法的频数法和卡方检验法,回顾性分析排除器质性病变原因后符合诊断标准的360例单纯精神分裂症患者病例,总结精神分裂症在不同情况下的中医常见证候分布特征。结果:性别分布上,女性患病人数高于男性,且女性以心脾两虚证多见,男性以火盛伤阴证最多。不同年龄阶段,青年患病人数远高于中老年,其中青年组(<45岁)以火盛伤阴证最多,中年组(45~60岁)和老年组(≥60岁)证型分布相对均衡,以肝郁痰结证多见。季节分布上,以春秋两季发病人数最多,夏冬两季相对较少,火盛伤阴证为主要证型,但具体证型分布与季节无明确关联。病程分布上,初期以火盛伤阴证为主,中期以火盛伤阴和心脾两虚二证为主,后期则病情复杂,证型相对均衡。结论:精神分裂症常见的中医证候在不同性别、年龄阶段及病程的分布上均存在差异,为中医辨证论治提供了参考和临床价值。

Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics and clinical value of TCM syndromes of schizophrenia in terms of different gender,age stage,season and course of disease.Methods:The frequency method and Chi-square test of descriptive statistics were used to retrospectively analyze 360 cases of schizophrenia in accordance with the diagnostic criteria after excluding the causes of organic lesions,and the TCM syndrome distribution characteristics of schizophrenia were summarized under different conditions.Results:In terms of gender distribution,the number of female patients was higher than that of male patients,and the syndrome of Heart and Spleen deficiency was more common in females,whereas the syndrome of excessive fire and Yin deficiency was most commonly seen in males.In different age stages,the number of young patients was much higher than that of the middle-aged and the elderly,among which,the youth group(<45 years old)was dominated by excessive fire and Yin deficiency syndrome;the syndrome types of the middle-aged group(45~60 years old)and the elderly group(≥60 years old)were relatively balanced,and Liver depression and phlegm stagnation syndrome was more common.In terms of seasonal distribution,spring and autumn had the largest number of cases,and summer and winter had a relatively small number of cases.The syndrome of excessive fire and Yin deficiency was the main syndrome type,but there was no clear correlation between the specific syndrome type distribution and seasons.In terms of disease course distribution,the early stage is dominated by excessive fire and Yin deficiency syndrome,the middle stage is dominated by excessive fire and Yin deficiency syndrome and deficiency of Heart and Spleen syndrome,and the late stage is complicated and relatively balanced with syndrome types.Conclusion:There is differences in the distribution of common TCM syndromes of schizophrenia in different genders,age stages and course of disease,which provides reference and clinical value for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.