民族地区文化遗产旅游可持续发展的组态效应研究——基于定性比较分析(QCA)视角

The Configuration Effect of Sustainable Development of Cultural Heritage Tourism in the Minority Areas of China in the Perspective of Qualitative Comparative Analysis

近年来,少数民族地区依托文化遗产资源开发旅游产业,有力地推动了区域文化传承与经济发展,但不同程度存在的文化内涵扭曲、旅游资源开发过度或不足也造成文化失真、生态破坏、产业萎缩等问题。为纾解遗产保护与开发的二元矛盾,研究将可持续发展理论应用于文化遗产旅游领域,整合强、弱可持续性分析框架,构建文化遗产旅游可持续发展评价体系,并对28个少数民族样本地进行模糊集定性比较分析,从物质资源、经营管理、政策保障和文化创意四个方面探讨影响民族地区文化遗产旅游可持续发展的组态机制,得出结论:(1)增进地方居民的对本民族文化内涵、价值与规律的认知理解和加强政府部门的政策保障体系建设是民族地区文化遗产旅游可持续发展的必要条件。(2)民族地区文化遗产旅游可持续发展的实现路径有以增进民生为靶向的治理路径、以业态创新为主线的产业路径、以创意介入为驱动的文化路径,从这三条相对独立的路径入手,有助于实现少数民族优秀传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展的战略目标。

In recent years,the development of tourism industries relying on cultural heritage resources in the minority areas of China has greatly promoted the inheritance of local cultural heritages and economic growth.However,the distortion of cultural connotations,the over-exploitation and inadequate development of resources in varying degrees have also caused problems such as cultural distortion,ecological damage,and industrial shrinkage.In order to solve the contradiction between heritage protection and development,this study has applied the sustainable development theory to the domain of cultural heritage tourism.First,it has integrated both strong and weak sustainability analysis frameworks.Next,it has constructed a sustainable development evaluation system of cultural heritage tourism,and conducted a qualitative comparative analysis of 28 ethnic minority sample sites,which have been used to explore the configuration mechanism of sustainable tourism development in these minority areas from four aspects:material resources,management,policy guarantee and cultural creativity.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Enhancing the local residents'cognition and understanding of the connotations,value and development law of their own culture and strengthening the construction of the policy-based guarantee system of government departments are two necessary conditions.(2)The feasible paths of sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism in the minority areas include the following:the governance approach aimed at improving the people's livelihood,the industrial approach with business innovation as the focus,and the cultural approach driven by creative intervention,which with their own characteristics will help to achieve the strategic goal of creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional culture of the ethnic minorities in China.