小额诉讼程序改革的法理审视与制度完善

Legal Review and Institutional Improvement of the Procedure Reform of Small Claims

我国现阶段小额诉讼程序的实践运作,还无法真正实现案件分流、缓解司法资源紧张、使普通民众获得高效率低成本定纷止争渠道的期许,究其原因是其在经历了“从无到有”的制度创设后,正在迎来相关救济机制和配套规制的设计讨论。从理性主义、个人主义的角度出发探讨上诉权限制的正当性,再从宪法学解释的角度出发归纳分析,为小额诉讼程序的完善奠定法理基础;通过对当前小额诉讼程序实践改革情况的分析,提出构建专项救济流程和异步审理模式的衔接适用,引入大数据、人工智能等新兴技术手段,推动小额诉讼程序改革的进一步发展,将成为完善小额诉讼程序适用的有力探索。

At the present stage,the practical operation of the procedure of small claims in China cannot really realize the reasonable distribution of cases,relieve the shortage of judicial resources,and make the ordinary people obtain the efficient and low-cost channels for settling disputes.And the reason is that after the initial establishment of the system,it is facing the discussion on the design of the relevant relief mechanism and supporting regulations.Thus,it is necessary to discuss the legitimacy of the limitation of the right of appeal from the perspective of rationalism and individualism,and give a conclusive analysis from the perspective of constitutional interpretation so as to lay the legal basis for the improvement of the procedure of small claims.Through the construction of the special relief process and the convergence and application of the asynchronous trial modes,and the adoption of new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence,it will promote the further development of the procedure reform of small claims in the process of continuous improvement.