碳纳米材料的功能化及其储能应用

Preparation of functionalized carbon nanomaterials and their energy storage applications

在过去的几十年里,功能碳纳米材料(functional carbon nanomaterials,FCMs)由于其优异的理化性质,如超高电导率和质量传输速率、丰富的活性位点、良好的化学稳定性和机械强度,引起了材料科学界的广泛关注。基于FCMs所带来的各向异性和协同效应以及纳米尺度上的小尺寸效应,这些FCMs在锂离子电池、锂硫电池、燃料电池、有机太阳能电池和超级电容器等能源领域表现出巨大的应用价值。这篇综述全面总结了近5年来碳纳米材料的功能化策略,并详细介绍了FCMs在能源存储与转化器件中的应用。最后,根据科学研究的发展趋势,探讨了FCMs所面临的紧迫挑战和未来的研究方向。

Over the past decades,functional carbon nanomaterials(FCMs)have attracted much attention from the materials science community owning to their outstanding physical and chemical properties,such as high electronic conductivity/rapid mass transfer,plentiful active sites,good chemical stability,and robust mechanical stiffness.In view of the anisotropic and synergistic effects stemming from the functionalization as well as small size effect at the nanoscale,these multifunctional FCMs exhibit high potential especially in lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,organic solar cells,and supercapacitors.In this review,the functionalization strategies of carbon nanomaterials that have been developed over the last five years are comprehensively summarized and then application of FCMs in energy storage and conversion is introduced exhaustively.Finally,the pressing challenges and research directions are discussed according to the development trend.