美国硅谷城镇群的发展经验与挑战及对中国创新城市建设的启示

The development experience and challenges of Silicon Valley town group in the United States and its enlightenment to the construction of innovative cities in China

美国硅谷城镇群既是一个极富创新性和竞争力的空间,又是一个颇具致富魅力和研究潜力的场域。人们较多关注其创富过程、机理与模式,而功能定位、产城融合与区域一体化未受重视。本文从主导产业演进、技术导向型城市崛起、用地规划和管控三个方面,总结了硅谷城镇群发展的成功经验;剖析了硅谷未来发展面临的诸如生活成本高启、交通拥堵加剧、区内收入差距扩大、产城发展不够融合等传统挑战,以及如新冠疫情导致的优质技术职位和就业多样化的双重减少等新挑战。提出了对中国创新城市建设的若干启示:创新城市的发展目标及其功能定位不能过于片面化;着力促进金融资本、产业资本、土地资本与社交资本在创新城市建设中的有机融合;注重推动创业平台、人才平台向区域创新系统平台转型。

Silicon Valley town group is not only a highly innovative and competitive space,but also a field with rich charm and research potential.People pay more attention to the process,mechanism and mode of its wealth creation,but the functional orientation,industry-city integration and regional integration have not been paid much attention.This paper summarizes the successful experience of Silicon Valley town group development from three aspects:leading industry evolution,technology-oriented city rise,land use planning and control.It also analyzes the traditional challenges facing Silicon Valley's future development(e.g.,high cost of living,increasing traffic congestion,widening income gap in the region,insufficient integration of industry and city development,etc.)and the new challenges(e.g.,COVID-19 has led to the dual reduction of high-quality technical jobs and job diversification).And summarizes the following enlightenment to the construction of innovative cities in China:The development goals and functional orientation of innovative cities should not be too one-sided;Promoting the organic integration of financial capital,industrial capital,land capital and social capital in the construction of innovative cities;Promoting the transformation of entrepreneurship platform and talent platform into regional innovation system platform.