基于土地整治的复垦耕地生态质量研究

Research on ecological quality of reclaimed cultivated land based on land rehabilitation

土地整治是增加耕地面积、推动农业发展的重要措施,是我国生态文明建设的基石。为了解土地整治后耕地土壤的环境生态质量,本研究以上海市某市级土地整治区域为研究对象,通过测定土壤基本理化性质、土壤肥力、土壤酶活性和土壤动物多样性相关指标,对比研究了经土地整治后的两处典型新增耕地(XZ1、XZ2)与质量建设耕地(ZL)土壤的理化指标和生物多样性等生态质量的变化。结果表明:XZ2的土壤有机质含量与阳离子交换量(CEC)显著高于ZL(P<0.05),XZ2地块的土壤全氮含量比ZL高20.21%,新增耕地全钾(TK)含量低于质量建设耕地;XZ2耕地的中性磷酸酶(NP)、蔗糖酶(SC)、脲酶(UE)活性以及土壤动物优势度高于ZL地块。相关性分析表明,蜱螨目动物有利于土壤氮磷矿化和阳离子交换量(CEC)的提高,新增耕地土壤的动物的丰富度较高但多样性较低,客土土源直接影响土地整治后土壤的理化性质和肥力,且根据耕地的利用需求采用不同土源,在达到耕地土壤生态质量提高的前提下保证客土土壤的合理化利用。本研究为后期生态土地整治项目的实施提供理论参考。

Land consolidation is an important measure to increase the area of arable land and promote agricultural development,and it is the cornerstone of my country's ecological civilization construction.In order to understand the environmental and ecological quality of farmland soil after land consolidation,we took the land consolidation area of Xinbang Town,Shanghai as the research object,and measured the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil,soil animal diversities and enzymatic activities.A comparative study of the changes in soil physical and chemical indexes and biodiversity of two typical reclaimed cultivated land(XZ1,XZ2)and original cultivated land(ZL)after land consolidation.The results showed that the SOC content and CEC of XZ2 significantly higher than that of ZL(P<0.05).The TN of XZ2 was 20.21%higher than that of the ZL.XZ has a lower content of TK.The activities of neutral phosphatase,sucrase,urease and the dominance of soil animals in XZ2 farmland were higher than those in ZL.The correlation analysis showed that Acaridae were conducive to the improvement of soil nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and CEC.The richness of soil animals of reclaimed cultivated land was high,but the diversity was low.The soil source of guest soil directly affected the physical and chemical properties and fertility of the soil after land consolidation,and different soil sources were adopted according to the utilization needs of cultivated land.On the premise of improving the ecological quality of cultivated soil,ensure the rational utilization of guest soil.This study provided a theoretical reference for the implementation of ecological land remediation projects in the later stage.