储粮害虫防治技术进展与展望(上)--熏蒸杀虫剂篇

Progress and Prospect of Control Technology for Stored Grain Pests--Fumigation Insecticides

国内外粮食行业主要使用的熏蒸杀虫剂有两种:磷化氢和硫酰氟。磷化氢是“王牌”储粮熏蒸杀虫剂,硫酰氟主要作为磷化氢抗药性管理用药,两者有一定的互补性。针对我国储粮害虫防治技术应用现状、防控面临的问题和挑战,调研和梳理了国内外储粮熏蒸杀虫剂磷化铝(磷化氢)的基本技术特性、主要生产企业、产销情况、应用技术、残留问题、残渣处置方法、及其应用主导地位;结合国内外情况,综述了硫酰氟熏蒸杀虫技术特性、与磷化氢的关系、需求量、应用特点及存在问题,提出了要系统开展硫酰氟熏蒸杀虫技术研究、深入开展其对环境影响研究的建议和必要性,以遵从“绿色、生态、经济、高效”理念,为我国储粮害虫综合防治科学技术发展提供参考。

Phosphine and sulfuryl fluoride are two kinds of fumigation insecticides allowed for use in China and overseas.Phosphine is the“trump card”fumigation insecticide for stored grain,while Sulfuryl fluoride is mainly used as the phosphine resistance management drug.Therefore,both of them are complementary to a certain extent.In view of the application status,problems,and challenges faced by the prevention and control of stored grain pests in China,this paper investigated and sorted out the basic technical characteristics,main production enterprises,production and sales,application technology,residual problems,disposal methods,and application dominance of global grain fumigation pesticide aluminum phosphide(phosphine).Combined with the domestic and international situation,this paper also summarized the technical characteristics,its relationship with phosphine,demand,application characteristics and existing problems of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation,and put forward the suggestions and necessity of systematically carrying out the research on sulfuryl fluoride fumigation and its impact on the environment,so as to comply with the concept of“green,ecological,economic and efficient”and provide reference for the scientific and technological development of stored grain pest control in China.