黄缘闭壳龟头骨、椎骨及附肢骨骼系统研究

Systematic studies for skull,vertebrae and appendicular skeleton of Cuora flavomargimata

为揭示黄缘闭壳龟(Cuora flavomarginata)的骨骼形态特征,使用X射线透视法对黄缘闭壳龟进行拍照及相关研究。研究发现,黄缘闭壳龟的头骨窄而细长,与身体占比小,颅长为背甲长的27.09%~30.93%,颅宽为背甲宽的21.40%~27.66%,颅长为颅宽的1.35~1.72倍;脊椎骨由4枚颈椎、7枚躯椎、2或3枚荐椎和21或22枚尾椎组成,第1~7躯椎两侧连接着肋骨,肋骨宽度大小与躯椎的宽度一致,最后两枚躯椎所连接的肋骨宽度较窄;前肢骨比后肢骨长且粗壮,后肢扁平,骨骼较短小,通过胸盾和腹盾之间的铰链结构,黄缘闭壳龟的头、尾和四肢可完全缩入壳内,其腹甲前端(喉盾和肱盾)和后端(股盾和肛盾)分别与背甲闭合,将肉体完全封闭保护。通过骨骼系统特征得出,黄缘闭壳龟具有与生活习性相匹配的骨骼结构;X射线透视法可以清晰地观察黄缘闭壳龟骨骼结构,但由于物种特性,受背腹甲的影响,躯椎、荐椎和尾椎骨清晰度略低。黄缘闭壳龟骨骼的研究丰富了龟类的基础研究,可以为其分类及演化提供参考,并为在无损伤前提下研究珍惜或名贵物种提供了思路。

In order to reveal the skeletal morphological characteristics of Cuora flavomarginata,X-ray perspective method was used to photograph and study the Cuora flavomarginata.The results showed that the skull of cuora flavomarginata was narrow and slender,with a small proportion to the body.The skull length was 27.09%~30.93%of the carapace length,the skull width was 21.40%~27.66%of the carapace width,and the skull length was 1.35~1.72 times of the skull width.The vertebra consisted of 4 pieces of cervical vertebrae,7 pieces of trunk vertebrae,2 or 3 pieces of vertebra and 21 or 22 pieces of coccygeal vertebra.The ribs were connected on both sides of the first to seventh trunk vertebrae,and the width of ribs was consistent with that of the trunk vertebrae.The width of ribs connected by the last two trunk vertebrae was narrow.The bone of the forelimb was longer and stronger than that of the hindlimb,and the hindlimb was flat with shorter bones.Through the hinge structure between the chest shield and the abdminal shield,the head,tail and limbs of Cuora flavomarginata could be completely retracted into the shell.The front end of the sternite(larynx shield and brachial shield)and the affer end(thigh shield and anus shield)were closed with the carapace respectively,and the body was completely enclosed and protected.According to the characteristics of skeletal system,Cuora flavomarginata pssessed a skeletal structure that matched their living habits.X-ray perspective method could clearly observe the skeletal structure of Cuora flavomarginata.However,due to the species characteristics and the influence of carapace,the definition of the trunk vertebrae,sacral vertebrae and coccygeal vertebra were slightly lower.The study for skeleton of Cuora flavomarginata enriched the basic research of turtles to provide reference for their classification and evolution,and provided ideas for the study of rare or precious species without injury.