爪哇扁头猛蚁颊下囊可培养放线菌及抑菌活性研究

A Study on Culturable Actinomycetes from the Infrabuccal Pocket of Ectomomyrmex javanus(Mayr)and Their Antimicrobial Activity

为研究肉食性蚂蚁爪哇扁头猛蚁工蚁颊下囊内含物中放线菌的组成及其抑菌活性,采用传统的微生物分离培养和序列分析相结合的方法,对不同蚁巢单头工蚁颊下囊中放线菌进行分离培养,共获得9株不同的放线菌。链霉菌为优势类群,有6个菌株(A2、A3、B1、B3、B4、B5),菌株B1、A3和B5在3个蚁巢中均有分布,平均分离频率较高,分别为93.3%、80.0%和53.3%;菌株C1为微杆菌属,分离频率达到100.0%,菌株A1为冢村氏菌属,分离频率为80.0%,菌株C1和A1在3个蚁巢中均有分布。菌株B2为拟无枝酸菌属,仅在2个巢中分布,分离频率仅为26.7%。利用平板对峙法和生长速率法对9株放线菌进行抑菌活性研究,菌株B2(拟无枝酸菌属)以及菌株B3、B4和B5(链霉菌属)对8种植物病原真菌具有一定的抑菌活性。其中,菌株B4的发酵液对8种病原菌均表现出较强的抑菌活性,尤其对杨树溃疡病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、核桃黑盘壳菌和苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌率达到100.0%,显示出极强的抑菌效果,可进一步开发和利用。

In order to study the composition and antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes from the infrabuccal pocket of a carnivorous ant,Ectomomyrmex javanus,the composition of actinomycetes in the pocket was isolated by using a culture-dependent method and identified with DNA sequence analysis.Nine actinobacterial strains from the infrabuccal pocket were obtained.It was found that Streptomyces formed the dominant group,with a total of 6 strains(A2,A3,B1,B3,B4,B5),among which the strain B1,A3 and B5 were distributed in all 3 nests with the average isolation frequencies of 93.3%,80.0%and 53.3%,respectively.Strain C1 and A1 belonged to genus Microbacterium and Tsukamurella,with isolation frequencies of 100.0%and 80.0%,respectively.Strain C1 and A1 both were found in all 3 nests.B2 was only found in 2 nests,and the average isolation frequency was only 26.7%.The antimicrobial activities of 9 strains of actinomycetes by using the plate confrontation method and the growth rate method showed that strain B2(Amycolatopsis),B3,B4,and B5(Streptomyces)had antimicrobial activity to 8 strains of tree pathogenic fungi.Among them,the fermentation liquor of strain B4 exhibited inhibitory activity to 8 strains of tree pathogenic,especially to Botryosphaeria dothidea,Valsa mali,Thanatephorus cucumeris and Melanconium oblongum with inhibitoery rat of 100%,which could be further developed and utilized.