中国科技社团运作模式变迁的影响因素及作用机制--以M学会为例

Influential Factors and Mechanism of the Change of the Operation Mode of Chinese Science and Technology Associations--Take M Society as an Example

历经由行政依附模式向功能性自主模式的变革,中国科技社团的运作模式呈现出处于依附与自主之间的典型特征。为了探寻这一特征的形成机制,依托新制度主义理论,构建分析科技社团运作模式变迁机制的理论框架,透过M学会这一典型案例,可以发现:①机构发展历程(积累的核心资源、既定的利益结构)、相关人员的理性选择(政策制定者、机构领导层及员工的选择)、组织外部合法性三大因素影响科技社团运作模式的变迁过程;②三大因素的影响力是双向的,既有正向的推动其走向功能性自主的推动力,也有反向的将其拉回行政依附状态的回拉力。对抗存在的作用力决定了科技社团既远离行政依附模式,也不能达到功能性自主的状态。基于此结论,可以梳理出三条塑造科技社团自主性的有效路径:资源拓展,应对资源空心化;理念倡导,提升变革动力;生态塑造,构建组织合法性。

After the transformation from administrative dependence mode to functional autonomy mode,the operation mode of Chinese science and technology associations presents the typical characteristics of between dependence and autonomy.In order to explore the formation mechanism of this feature,relying on the theory of new institutionalism and through the typical case of M society,it can be found that:Firstly,the development process of the organization(accumulated core resources,established interest structure),the rational choice of relevant personnel(the choice of policy makers,organization leaders and employees)and the external legitimacy of the organization affect the change process of the operation mode of science and technology associations;Secondly,the influence of the three factors is two-way,both the positive driving force to push it towards functional autonomy and the reverse pulling force to pull it back to the state of administrative dependence.The force of confrontation determines that science and technology associations are far away from the administrative dependence mode and can not achieve the state of functional autonomy.Based on this conclusion,we can sort out three effective ways to shape the autonomy of science and technology associations.There are resource expansion to deal with resource hollowing out,concept of advocacy to enhance the dynamics of change and shaping the environment to build organizational legitimacy.