美日智能制造关键新材料创新突破模式及其启示

Innovative Development Model and Implications of Advanced Materials for Intelligent Manufacturing in the US and Japan

建立适合国情的系统高效的关键新材料创新突破模式,是支撑国家智能制造有序发展的重要条件。本文综合应用技术创新系统和科学-技术-商业化理论,从创新突破主体、重点领域、着力点和举措四个方面构建分析框架,归纳美国和日本智能制造关键新材料创新突破模式,对比分析两国模式异同及其差异背后的原因。研究表明:美国采用政府引导-双轮驱动-多主体协同模式,日本采用政府主导-企业助推-科研院所配合模式。两国模式均呈现服务国家战略、加强顶层设计、注重知识管理、构建创新生态的特征,但在角色定位、重点领域、着力点、举措方面各有侧重,主要原因在于两国的历史文化、国际地位和资源禀赋存在差异。本文借鉴美国和日本的实践经验模式,结合中国情境,提出优化中国智能制造关键新材料创新突破模式的建议。

Building an element-complete and operation-efficient innovative development model of advanced materials applicable to national conditions is a pivotal prerequisite for orderly development of intelligent manufacturing.Based on the theory of technological innovation system and science-technology-bussiness,this study constructs a framework from four dimensions of actors,focus areas,exertion-points of innovation chain and innovative measures to analyze innovative development model of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing in the US and Japan.Then it argues the similarities and differences with causes analysis of the two models.The research indicates that the US adopts the government-guiding,two-wheel-driving and multi-agent-collaborating model,and Japan adopts the government-leading,enterprise-promoting and scientific research institution-supporting model.Both models appear the characteristics of serving national strategies,strengthening top-level design,focusing on knowledge management,and establishing innovative ecology.However,there are differences in aspects of role positioning,focus areas,exertion-points of innovation chain and innovative measures,mainly due to the different historical culture,international status and resource endowment between two countries.Finally,drawing on the practices of the US and Japan combined with China s situation,this paper proposes the implications to optimize the innovative development model of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing in China.