超支化聚合物制备及其在水处理中的研究进展

Preparation of Hyperbranched Polymer and Research Progress in Water Treatment

为进一步改善水环境质量,提高水处理效率,开发新型高效的水处理剂尤为重要.聚合物作为一种常见的水处理剂,能够借助自身聚合特性与各类污染物通过静电力、氢键等作用力结合,从而高效分离水体中污染物.超支化聚合物是一类高度支化、具有三维结构的大分子聚合物,该聚合物支化位点多、末端官能团丰富、分子链不易缠结,且易接枝改性、易修饰,能够合成多种功能化新材料.本文根据超支化聚合物的不同末端官能团结构,分别综述了3种超支化聚合物(端氨基超支化聚合物、端羟基超支化聚合物、端羧基超支化聚合物)的合成制备,并研究超支化聚合物的接枝改性及其在水处理中的应用.由于超支化聚合物独特的三维大分子结构和丰富的末端官能团(—NH2、—COOH、—OH等),超支化聚合物及其接枝改性产物能够在多种污染水体(重金属废水、染料废水、含油废水等)中表现出高效去除性能.今后,可进一步对超支化聚合物的接枝改性进行深入研究,制备新型超支化复合材料,以提高超支化复合材料的循环再生及再使用性能,提升水处理效能,降低处理成本,为研发新型环境友好型的水处理剂提供理论基础和技术支撑.

In order to further improve the water environmental quality and water treatment efficiency,it is particularly important to develop a new type of water treatment agent with high efficiency.As a common water treatment agent,the polymer can capture a variety of pollutants through electrostatic force and hydrogen bond due to its own polymerization characteristics,thus the polymer can separate the pollutants from water efficiently.Hyperbranched polymer(HBP)is highly branched polymer with three-dimensional structure and high macromolecular weight,and with many branching sites and abundant terminal functional groups.Also,the molecular chain of HBP is hard to tangle and easy to be grafted,so it can synthesize new functional materials.In this review,according to the different terminal functional groups of HBP,the synthesis and preparation of three kinds of HBP(amino hyperbranched polymers,hydroxyl hyperbranched polymers and carboxyl hyperbranched polymers)were reviewed,then the graft modification and application of HBP in water treatment were also reviewed.Due to the three-dimensional macromolecular structure and abundant terminal functional groups of HBP(—NH_(2),—COOH,—OH,et al),HBP and its graft modified products exhibit excellent performance in polluted water(heavy metal wastewater,dye wastewater,oil-bearing wastewater,et al).In the future research,the graft modification of HBP can be further studied to prepare new hyperbranched composites,thus the recycling and reuse performance,water treatment efficiency of hyperbranched composites can be enhanced,the water treatment cost can also be reduced.This research of HBP and the new hyperbranched composites will provide useful theoretical basis and technical support for the development of new environmentally friendly water treatment agents.