离子型稀土矿山无铵绿色开采对植物和土壤微生物的影响

Influence of Ammonium-free Mining of Ion-absorbed Rare Earth Mines on Plants and Soil Microbes

南方离子型稀土矿多年来采用以硫酸铵作为浸矿剂的原地浸出工艺开采,氨氮污染问题凸显;近年来开发出以硫酸镁替代硫酸铵作为浸矿剂的绿色无铵开采新工艺。为研究新型无铵开采工艺对环境的影响,本文分别选取全覆式离子型稀土矿块和裸脚式矿块设置测试样方和对照样方,测定典型植被芒萁的叶绿素含量和覆盖度以及土壤微生物的数量。研究表明,受注液影响的样方和周边未受影响的对照点的植物生长情况、叶绿素含量、土壤微生物数量基本相同,没有太大差异,说明无铵绿色开采工艺对不同类型的离子型稀土矿山植被和土壤微生物的影响在可以接受范围内,验证新开采工艺在不同类型稀土矿山的环境可行性。

After years of mining ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits in Southern China by in-situ leaching process with ammonium sulfate as the leachant,the ammonia nitrogen pollution is looming large.Therefore,the new green ammonia-free mining process adopts the leachant of magnesium sulfate instead of ammonium sulfate to treat ion-adsorbed rare earth.To study the impact of this new mining process on environment,the complete coverage type rare earth ore blocks and barefoot type ore blocks were sampled respectively,and the test group and the control group were set up to determine the chlorophyll content and coverage of dicranopteris pedata,a typical plant,and the number of soil microbes.The study shows that there is no vast difference in vegetation growth,chlorophyll content and soil microbes between mines affected by leachant injection and surrounding unimpacted control points,indicating that the impact of green ammonia-free mining process on vegetation and soil microbes of a wide variety of ion-adsorbed rare earth mines is acceptable and this new mining process is proven practicable to protect the environment of various ion-adsorbed rare earth mines.