不同投料方式对尾菜堆肥效果的影响

Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Vegetable Wastes Compost

为明确基于太阳能堆肥滚筒设备就地处理尾菜投料方式对尾菜处理效果的影响,本研究对单次投料和连续投料2种投料方式下,尾菜堆肥物料的温度、理化性质、无害化指标及微生物多样性的差异进行了分析,结果表明适量连续投加尾菜不会影响堆肥系统的温度趋势,且有利于维持堆肥体系高温期,2个处理平均减量率均≥80%,但存在显著差异;2个处理有机碳、全氮变化整体呈下降趋势,全钾、全磷均呈上升趋势;连续投料(T2)处理受添加尾菜的影响,水分、pH、EC、GI变化趋势与单次投料处理(T1)不同;微生物多样性分析结果显示2个处理堆肥过程中典型发酵阶段中细菌、真菌的多样性存在一定差异,高温初期单次投料处理(T1)细菌以棒状杆菌、芽孢杆菌、假诺卡氏菌,真菌以酵母菌、毛壳菌、丝胞酵母相对丰度居前3,连续投料处理(T2)细菌以棒状杆菌、黄杆菌、芽孢杆菌、真菌以酵母菌、曲霉菌、肉座菌相对丰度居前3;降温期单次投料处理(T1)细菌以芽孢杆菌、拟诺卡菌、消化链球菌、真菌以酵母菌、毛壳菌、小囊菌为优势菌群,连续投料处理(T2)细菌以芽孢杆菌、拟诺卡菌、高温单胞菌、真菌以酵母菌、小囊菌、曲霉菌为优势菌群;降温期2个处理的细菌菌群均表现在代谢功能通路最为丰富,对碳水化合物、氨基酸代谢及外源物质降解和代谢功能突出。通过结果分析基于太阳能堆肥滚筒设备连续投加尾菜对堆肥过程部分指标有一定影响,但对发酵终点物料无害化影响不显著。

The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the composting effect of vegetable wastes with a aerobic in-vessel rotary drum composting device.Two experiments was designed to evaluate the composting effect between two feeding ways of vegetable wastes.Physico-chemical and microbiology analyses were performed during the Composting process.Results showed that multiple-feeding vegetable wastes help to keep the temperature of the composting and the average reduction rate of different treatments were all≥80%,but there are significant differences in two treatments.The changes of TC and TN showed a downward trend,while TP and TK showed an upward trend in both of the two treatments.While the Moisture content,pH,EC and GI of the sample T2(multiple-feeding vegetable wastes)were different from the T1(single—feeding treatment)due to the feeding of fresh vegetable wastes.The microbial diversity and dominant communities were different between 2 treatments in each typical fermentation phase.Corynebacteriaceae,Bacillaceae,Pseudonocardiaceae,Saccharomycetales,Chaetomiaceae,Trichosporonaceae were mainly detected in the samples of T1 in the heating phase,while Corynebacteriaceae,Flavobacteriaceae,Bacillaceae,Saccharomycetales,Aspergllaceae,Hypocreaceae were mainly detected in the samples of T1.The dominant microorganism of T1 were Bacillaceae,Nocardiopsacea,Peptostreptococcaceae,Saccharomycetales,Chaetomiaceae,Microascaceae in cooling phase,while The relative abundance of Bacillaceae,Nocardiopsaceae,Thermomonosporaceae,Saccharomycetales,Microascaceae,Aspergllaceae were increased in the samples of T2.Results of metabolic pathway analysis showed that in cooling phase of the two treatments,the metabolic pathways of microbial community are abundant,and the metabolic functions of carbohydrate,amino acid and exogenous substances are prominent.According to the results of this study,the treatment of multiple-feeding vegetable wastes in the aerobic in-vessel rotary drum composting device has certain influence on some indexes in the composting process,but has no significant influence on the harmlessness of fermentation terminal materials.